{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T07:08:06Z","timestamp":1788764886359,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788652800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010HD105863"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010HD105863"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010HD086742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010HD086742"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cannabis use among reproductive\u2010aged individuals is common, yet there are gaps in our understanding of the effect of cannabis use on adverse birth outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the extent to which female and male preconception cannabis use and female early pregnancy cannabis use are associated with the incidence of preterm birth (PTB), small\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age birth (SGA), and large\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age (LGA) birth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analysed data from Pregnancy Study Online, an internet\u2010based preconception cohort study of couples trying to conceive. Eligible participants were aged 21\u201345\u2009years (female) and \u2265\u200921\u2009years (male) and residents of the United States or Canada. We followed 6838 couples who conceived between June 2013 and September 2024. Both partners completed preconception baseline questionnaires; female participants completed preconception follow\u2010up questionnaires every 8\u2009weeks, at early (&lt;\u200912\u2009weeks) and late pregnancy (~32\u2009weeks), and at 6\u2009months postpartum. Participants self\u2010reported cannabis use during preconception (female and male) and early pregnancy (female only). We ascertained birthweight and gestational age from birth certificates and questionnaires and defined PTB (delivery &lt;\u200937\u2009gestational weeks) and SGA and LGA (&lt;\u200910th and &gt;\u200990th percentiles of birthweight, respectively, for gestational age and sex). We fit Cox regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for potential confounders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preconception cannabis use was not appreciably associated with PTB (\u2265\u20091 per week vs. non\u2010use: HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.71, 1.57 for females and HR 1.41, 95% CI 0.73, 2.75 for males). Higher frequency of female cannabis use in early pregnancy was associated with an increased incidence of PTB, although results were imprecise (\u2265\u20091 per week vs. non\u2010use: HR 1.87, 95% CI 1.06, 3.29; &lt;\u20091\/week vs. non\u2010use: HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.36, 2.02). Cannabis use in either partner was not associated with the incidence of SGA or LGA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results support the existing evidence that cannabis use during early pregnancy is a risk factor for PTB.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.70201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T06:18:39Z","timestamp":1788761919000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Prospective Study of Preconception and Early Pregnancy Cannabis Use and Birth Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3929-4451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amelia K.","family":"Wesselink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8828-0761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth J.","family":"Geller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6744-6988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alyssa F.","family":"Harlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0661-9926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Collette N.","family":"Ncube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0783-9752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krystal E.","family":"Kuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3475-4113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David A.","family":"Savitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Brown University School of Public Health  Providence Rhode Island USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth J.","family":"Rothman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5482-0141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael L.","family":"Eisenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Stanford University School of Medicine  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2138-3752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren A.","family":"Wise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2025.107967"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.17383","article-title":"Trends in Marijuana Use Among Pregnant and Nonpregnant Reproductive\u2010Aged Women, 2002\u20102014","volume":"317","author":"Brown Q. 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