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Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAL<\/jats:styled-content>) is a key enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway, which leads to the biosynthesis of defense\u2010related phytohormone salicylic acid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SA<\/jats:styled-content>) and flavonoid\u2010type phytoalexins sakuranetin and naringenin. However, the roles and biochemical features of individual rice<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PALs<\/jats:styled-content>in defense responses to pathogens remain unclear. Here, we report that rice<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OsPAL06<\/jats:styled-content>, which can catalyze the formation of<jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>\u2010cinnamate using<jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010phenylalanine, is involved in rice root\u2013<jats:italic>M. oryzae<\/jats:italic>interaction. Os<jats:italic>PAL06<\/jats:italic>\u2010knockout mutant showed increased susceptibility to<jats:italic>M. oryzae<\/jats:italic>invaded from roots and developed typical leaf blast symptoms, accompanied by nearly complete disappearance of sakuranetin and naringenin and a two\u2010third reduction of the SA level in roots. This mutant also showed compensatively induced expression of chalcone synthase, which is involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, isochorismate synthase 1, which is putatively involved in SA synthesis via another pathway, reduced jasmonate content and increased ethylene content. These results suggest that<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OsPAL06<\/jats:styled-content>is a positive regulator in preventing<jats:italic>M. oryzae<\/jats:italic>infection from roots. It may regulate defense by promoting both phytoalexin accumulation and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SA<\/jats:styled-content>signaling that synergistically and antagonistically interacts with jasmonate\u2010 and ethylene\u2010dependent signaling, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.12192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,31]],"date-time":"2014-03-31T14:56:42Z","timestamp":1396277802000},"page":"486-500","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":131,"title":["Multiple phytohormones and phytoalexins are involved in disease resistance to<i>Magnaporthe oryzae<\/i>invaded from roots in rice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"152","author":[{"given":"Liu","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 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