{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T10:15:51Z","timestamp":1788344151543,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,29]],"date-time":"2014-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiologia Plantarum"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Verticillium dahliae<\/jats:italic> is a prominent generator of plant vascular wilting disease and sulfur (S)\u2010enhanced defense (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SED<\/jats:styled-content>) mechanisms contribute to its in\u2010planta elimination. The accumulation of S\u2010containing defense compounds (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDCs<\/jats:styled-content>) including elemental S (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup><\/jats:styled-content>) has been described based on the comparison of two near\u2010isogenic tomato (<jats:italic>Solanum lycopersicum<\/jats:italic>) lines differing in fungal susceptibility. To better understand the effect of S nutrition on <jats:italic>V. dahliae<\/jats:italic> resistance both lines were supplied with low, optimal or supraoptimal sulfate\u2010S. An absolute quantification demonstrated a most effective fungal elimination due to luxury plant S nutrition. High\u2010pressure liquid chromatography (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPLC<\/jats:styled-content>) showed a strong regulation of Cys levels and an S\u2010responsive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GSH<\/jats:styled-content> pool rise in the bulk hypocotyl. High\u2010frequency S peak accumulations were detected in vascular bundles of resistant tomato plants after fungal colonization by laser ablation\u2010inductively coupled plasma\u2010mass spectrometry (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LA\u2010ICP\u2010MS<\/jats:styled-content>). Global transcriptomic analysis suggested that early steps of the primary S metabolism did not promote the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDCs<\/jats:styled-content> synthesis in the whole hypocotyl as gene expression was downregulated after infection. Enhanced S fertilization mostly alleviated the repressive fungal effect but did not reverse it. Upregulation of glutathione (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GSH<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010associated genes in bulk hypocotyls but not in vascular bundles indicated a global antioxidative role of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GSH<\/jats:styled-content>. To finally assign the contribution of S metabolism\u2010associated genes to high <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup><\/jats:styled-content> accumulations exclusively found in the resistant tomato line, a spatial gene expression approach was applied. Laser microdissection of infected vascular bundles revealed a switch toward transcription of genes connected with cysteine (Cys) synthesis. The upregulation of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LeOASTLp1<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> suggests a role for Cys as key precursor for local S accumulations (possibly <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup><\/jats:styled-content>) in the vascular bundles of the <jats:italic>V. dahliae<\/jats:italic>\u2010resistant tomato line.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.12239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,17]],"date-time":"2014-06-17T00:13:40Z","timestamp":1402964020000},"page":"253-268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Spatial gene expression analysis in tomato hypocotyls suggests cysteine as key precursor of vascular sulfur accumulation implicated in <i>Verticillium dahliae<\/i> defense"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"153","author":[{"given":"Katharina","family":"Klug","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of 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