{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T09:55:44Z","timestamp":1782294944960,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,21]],"date-time":"2014-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1413849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiologia Plantarum"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The xanthophyll cycle, flavonoid metabolism, the antioxidant system and the production of active oxygen species were analyzed in the peel of \u2018Fuji\u2019 apples re\u2010exposed to sunlight after extended periods of fruit bagging treatment, resulting in different levels of photooxidative sunburn. After re\u2010exposing bagged fruits to sunlight, the production of active oxygen species and the photoprotective capacity in apple peels were both significantly enhanced. As sunburn severity increased, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide increased, while xanthophyll cycle pool size decreased. For the key genes involved in flavonoid synthesis, expressions of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MdMYB10<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MdPAL<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> were upregulated, whereas the expressions of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MdCHS<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MdANS<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MdFLS<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MdUFGT<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> were downregulated in sunburnt fruit peel. Correspondingly, concentrations of both quercetin\u20103\u2010glycoside and cyanidin\u20103\u2010galactoside decreased. Total ascorbate concentrations decreased as sunburn severity increased, with the decrease being faster for oxidized than for reduced ascorbate. Transcription levels of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MdGMP<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MdGME<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MdGGP<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MdGPP<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MdGalDH<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MdGalLDH<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>, the genes involved in ascorbate synthesis, were similar in non\u2010sunburnt and sunburnt fruit peels, whereas activities of <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010galactose dehydrogenase and <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010galactono\u20101,4\u2010lactone dehydrogenase decreased in severely sunburnt peel. Although activities of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase increased, the activities of monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase decreased as sunburn severity increased. In summary, the occurrence of photooxidative sunburn in \u2018Fuji\u2019 apple peel is closely associated with a relatively lower xanthophyll cycle pool size, reduced levels of ascorbate reduction and synthesis and reduced flavonoid synthesis. Our data are consistent with the idea that ascorbate plays a key role in protecting apple fruit from photooxidative sunburn.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.12272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,3]],"date-time":"2014-09-03T11:25:59Z","timestamp":1409743559000},"page":"54-65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Photoprotection mechanism in the \u2018Fuji\u2019 apple peel at different levels of photooxidative sunburn"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"Jiangli","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junping","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengxia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengmin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengwang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.24.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.50.1.601"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/41.11.1489"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-008-0776-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2012.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2012.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.12043"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.21273\/JASHS.129.3.0313","article-title":"Diurnal operation of the xanthophyll cycle and the antioxidant system in the apple peel","volume":"129","author":"Cheng L","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Soc Hortic Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2006.02964.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.21273\/JASHS.133.1.27","article-title":"Changes in pigment concentrations associated with the degree of sunburn browning of \u2018Fuji\u2019 apple","volume":"133","author":"Felicetti DA","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Soc Hortic Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15538360802526472"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2008.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2013.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-313X.2002.01315.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3040.2002.00905.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erj197"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"1169","article-title":"Effects of calcium and auxin on russet spotting and phenylalanine ammonia\u2010lyase activity in iceberg lettuce","volume":"21","author":"Ke D","year":"1986","journal-title":"Horticulture"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3054.1989.tb06212.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2007.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3054.2008.01131.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3054.2012.01692.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.2011.02316.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9452(03)00277-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2004.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02824081"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022614722629"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erm055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.125.4.1558"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.103.026252"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.2011.02369.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-5214(98)00048-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07352689.2012.696453"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SchraderLE ZhangJ DuplagaWK(2001) Two types of sunburn in apple caused by high fruit surface (peel) temperature. Plant Health Prog. Available athttp:\/\/www.plantmanagementnetwork.org\/pub\/php\/research\/sunburn\/(accessed 4 October 2001)","DOI":"10.1094\/PHP-2001-1004-01-RS"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","unstructured":"SchraderLE SunJ FelicettiD SeoJH JedlowL ZhangJ(2003) Stress\u2010induced disorders: effects on apple fruit quality. Washington Tree Fruit Postharvest Conference. Washington State University Wenatchee WA. Available athttp:\/\/postharvest.tfrec.wsu.edu\/PC2003A.pdf\/(accessed 3 December 2003)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007084321859"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-8137.2002.00482.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-313x.2001.01074.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.106.088104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.2001.557.46","article-title":"Sunburn\u00a0\u2013\u00a0the cost of a high light environment","volume":"557","author":"W\u00fcnsche JN","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Hortic"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","first-page":"920","article-title":"Sunburn on apples is associated with increases in phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity as a function of the cultivar and areas of the fruit","volume":"8","author":"Yuri JA","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Food Agric Environ"}],"container-title":["Physiologia Plantarum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fppl.12272","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ppl.12272","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T18:21:15Z","timestamp":1696184475000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ppl.12272"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,21]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ppl.12272"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ppl.12272","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9317","1399-3054"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9317","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3054","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-03-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-07-23","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-10-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}