{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:34:17Z","timestamp":1791232457778,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,26]],"date-time":"2014-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1419552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiologia Plantarum"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We examined the concentrations of metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) and potential metal\u2010binding compounds [nicotianamine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NA<\/jats:styled-content>), thiol compounds and citrate] in xylem and phloem saps from 4\u2010week\u2010old castor bean plants (<jats:italic>Ricinus communis<\/jats:italic>) treated with 0 (control), 0.1, 1.0, and 10 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\u03bc<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> Cd for 3 weeks. Treatment with 0.1 and 1 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\u03bc<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> Cd produced no visible damage, while 10 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\u03bc<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> Cd retarded growth. Cadmium concentrations in both saps were higher than those in the culture solution at 0.1 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\u03bc<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>, similar at 1.0 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\u03bc<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> and lower at 10 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\u03bc<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>. Cd at 10 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\u03bc<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> reduced Cu and Fe concentrations in both saps. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NA<\/jats:styled-content> concentrations measured by capillary electrophoresis\u2010mass spectrometry (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content>) in xylem sap (20 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\u03bc<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>) were higher than the Cu concentrations, and those in phloem sap (150 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\u03bc<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>) were higher than those of Zn, Fe and Cu combined. Reduced glutathione concentrations differed in xylem and phloem saps (1\u20132 and 30\u2013150 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\u03bc<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>, respectively), but oxidized glutathione concentrations were similar. Phloem sap phytochelatin 2 concentration increased from 0.8 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\u03bc<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> in controls to 8 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\u03bc<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> in 10 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\u03bc<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> Cd. Free citrate was 2\u20134 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\u03bc<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> in xylem sap and 70\u2013100 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\u03bc<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> in phloem sap. Total bound forms of Cd in phloem and xylem saps from 1 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\u03bc<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> Cd\u2010treated plants were 54 and 8%, respectively. Treatment of phloem sap with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">proteinaseK<\/jats:styled-content> reduced high\u2010molecular compounds while increasing fractions of low\u2010molecular Cd\u2013thiol complexes. Zinc\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NA<\/jats:styled-content>, Fe\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NA<\/jats:styled-content> and Cu\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NA<\/jats:styled-content> were identified in the phloem sap fraction of control plants by electrospray ionization time\u2010of\u2010flight <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content>, and the xylem sap contained Cu\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.12309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,18]],"date-time":"2014-11-18T07:49:46Z","timestamp":1416296986000},"page":"243-255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Concentrations of metals and potential metal\u2010binding compounds and speciation of Cd, Zn and Cu in phloem and xylem saps from castor bean plants (<i>Ricinus communis<\/i>) treated with four levels of cadmium"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"Kenji","family":"Hazama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biological Chemistry The University of Tokyo Yayoi 1\u20101\u20101 Bunkyo\u2010ku, Tokyo 113\u20108657 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Nagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biological Chemistry The University of Tokyo Yayoi 1\u20101\u20101 Bunkyo\u2010ku, Tokyo 113\u20108657 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamaki","family":"Fujimori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biological Chemistry The University of Tokyo Yayoi 1\u20101\u20101 Bunkyo\u2010ku, Tokyo 113\u20108657 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuichi","family":"Yanagisawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied 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