{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T20:59:24Z","timestamp":1790629164252,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,4]],"date-time":"2017-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"DePaul University-Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science Pilot Research Grant"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiologia Plantarum"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant hormone involved in a number of physiological responses including both local and systemic resistance of plants to pathogens. In <jats:italic>Arabidopsis<\/jats:italic>, SA is glucosylated to form either SA 2\u2010<jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\u2010\u03b2\u2010<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010glucose (SAG) or SA glucose ester (SGE). In this study, we show that SAG accumulates in the vacuole of <jats:italic>Arabidopsis<\/jats:italic>, while the majority of SGE was located outside the vacuole. The uptake of SAG by vacuolar membrane\u2010enriched vesicles isolated from <jats:italic>Arabidopsis<\/jats:italic> was stimulated by the addition of MgATP and was inhibited by both vanadate (ABC transporter inhibitor) and bafilomycin A<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> (vacuolar H<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2010ATPase inhibitor), suggesting that SAG uptake involves both an ABC transporter and H<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2010antiporter. Despite its absence in the vacuole, we observed the MgATP\u2010dependent uptake of SGE by <jats:italic>Arabidopsis<\/jats:italic> vacuolar membrane\u2010enriched vesicles. SGE uptake was not inhibited by vanadate but was inhibited by bafilomycin A<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and gramicidin D providing evidence that uptake was dependent on an H<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2010antiporter. The uptake of both SAG and SGE was also inhibited by quercetin and verapamil (two known inhibitors of multidrug efflux pumps) and salicin and arbutin. MgATP\u2010dependent SAG and SGE uptake exhibited Michaelis\u2013Menten\u2010type saturation kinetics. The vacuolar enriched\u2010membrane vesicles had a 46\u2010fold greater affinity and a 10\u2010fold greater transport activity with SGE than with SAG. We propose that in <jats:italic>Arabidopsis<\/jats:italic>, SAG is transported into the vacuole to serve as a long\u2010term storage form of SA while SGE, although also transported into the vacuole, is easily hydrolyzed to release the active hormone which can then be remobilized to other cellular locations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.12602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,30]],"date-time":"2017-06-30T15:26:38Z","timestamp":1498836398000},"page":"322-338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Mechanistic differences in the uptake of salicylic acid glucose conjugates by vacuolar membrane\u2010enriched vesicles isolated from <scp><i>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/i><\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"161","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Vaca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences DePaul University  Chicago IL 60614 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