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Numerous chloroplast\u2010targeted proteins involved in embryogenesis have been identified. Nevertheless, their functions remain unclear. In this study, a chloroplast\u2010localized protein, EMB2738, was reported to be involved in <jats:italic>Arabidopsis<\/jats:italic> embryogenesis. <jats:italic>EMB2738<\/jats:italic> knockout led to defective embryos, and the embryo development in <jats:italic>emb2738<\/jats:italic> was interrupted after the globular stage. Complementation experiments identified the <jats:italic>AT3G12080<\/jats:italic> locus as <jats:italic>EMB2738.<\/jats:italic> Cellular observation indicated that severely impaired chloroplast development was observed in these aborted embryos. Quantitative reverse transcription\u2010polymerase chain reaction (qRT\u2010PCR) analysis showed that chloroplast\u2010encoded photosynthetic genes, which are transcribed by plastid\u2010encoded RNA polymerase (PEP), are predominantly decreased in defective embryogenesis, compared with those in the wild\u2010type. In contrast, genes encoding PEP core subunits, which are transcribed by nucleus\u2010encoded RNA polymerase (NEP), were increased. These results suggested that the knockout of <jats:italic>EMB2738<\/jats:italic> strongly blocked chloroplast\u2010encoded photosynthesis gene expression in embryos. Silencing of the <jats:italic>EMB2738<\/jats:italic> orthologue in tobacco through a virus\u2010induced genome silencing technique resulted in an albinism phenotype, vacuolated chloroplasts and decreased PEP\u2010dependent plastid transcription. These results suggested that NtEMB2738 might be involved in plastid gene expression. Nevertheless, genetic analysis showed that the <jats:italic>NtEMB2738<\/jats:italic> coding sequence could not fully rescue the defective embryogenesis of the <jats:italic>emb2738<\/jats:italic> mutant, which suggested functional divergence between NtEMB2738 and EMB2738 in embryogenesis. Taken together, these results indicated that both EMB2738 and NtEMB2738 are involved in the expression of plastid genes in higher plants, and there is a functional divergence between NtEMB2738 and EMB2738 in embryogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.12603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,4]],"date-time":"2017-07-04T15:05:51Z","timestamp":1499180751000},"page":"414-430","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["<i>EMB2738<\/i>, which encodes a putative plastid\u2010targeted GTP\u2010binding protein, is essential for embryogenesis and chloroplast development in higher plants"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"161","author":[{"given":"Lin\u2010Shan","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life and Environmental Sciences Shanghai Normal University  Shanghai 200234 China"},{"name":"College of Tourism Shanghai Normal University  Shanghai 200234 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