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In this context, the present study aims to investigate the effect of priming alfalfa seeds with salicylic acid (SA) on oxidative stress markers, including malonyldialdehyde, protein content, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and expression of genes encoding these enzymes in leaves and roots of alfalfa (Gabes ecotype) grown under saline stress, iron deficiency, or both. Our results showed that the application of salt stress and iron deficiency separately or simultaneously induces changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, but these are organ\u2010 and stress\u2010dependent. The Gabes ecotype was able to increase the activities of these enzymes under salt stress to alleviate oxidative damage. Indeed, priming seeds with 100\u2009\u03bcM SA significantly increases the enzymatic activities of APX, GPX, CAT, and SOD. Therefore, this concentration can be considered optimal for the induction of iron deficiency tolerance. Our results showed not only that Gabes ecotype was able to tolerate salt stress by maintaining high expression of the <jats:italic>Fe\u2010SOD<\/jats:italic> isoform, but also that the pretreatment of seeds with 100\u2009\u03bcM SA improved the tolerance of this ecotype to iron deficiency by stimulating <jats:italic>Fe\u2010SOD<\/jats:italic> expression and inhibiting <jats:italic>CAT<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>APXc<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.14026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]],"date-time":"2023-09-22T04:04:18Z","timestamp":1695355458000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Priming seeds with salicylic acid modulates membrane integrity, antioxidant defense, and gene expression in <i>Medicago sativa<\/i> grown under iron deficiency and salinity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"175","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8653-4083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadia","family":"Boukari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Extremophile Plants Biotechnology Center of Borj\u2010Cedria  Hammam\u2010Lif Tunisia"},{"name":"Faculty of Sciences of Tunis University of Tunis El Manar  Tunis Tunisia"},{"name":"Agriculture and Agri\u2010Food Canada  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nahida","family":"Jelali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Extremophile Plants Biotechnology Center of Borj\u2010Cedria  Hammam\u2010Lif Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chedly","family":"Abdelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Extremophile Plants Biotechnology Center of Borj\u2010Cedria  Hammam\u2010Lif Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0064-620X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelali","family":"Hannoufa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agriculture and Agri\u2010Food Canada  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(84)05016-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2017.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants9070825"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of the medicinal plant Ruta chalepensis L. grown under saline conditions","volume":"60","author":"Amdouni T.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Agrochimica"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-005-0073-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(71)90370-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10091910"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2019.103820"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(78)52032-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj2016.06.0368"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00103624.2016.1254790"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00716"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/ARRB\/2014\/9090"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"FAO. 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