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Earlier, we showed that priming young avocado (<jats:italic>Persea americana<\/jats:italic> Mill cv. \u2018Hass\u2019) trees with sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), a donor of hydrogen sulfide, improves the response of photosynthesis to simulated frost (cold followed by high light) conditions. In the current study, we performed a transcriptome analysis to gain insight into the molecular response of avocado \u2018Hass\u2019 leaves to frost, with or without NaHS priming. The analysis revealed 2144 (down\u2010regulated) and 2064 (up\u2010regulated) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) common to both non\u2010primed and primed trees. Non\u2010primed trees had 697 (down) and 559 (up) unique DEGs, while primed trees exhibited 1395 (down) and 1385 (up) unique DEGs. We focus on changes in the expression patterns of genes encoding proteins involved in photosynthesis, carbon cycle, protective functions, biosynthesis of isoprenoids and abscisic acid (ABA), as well as ABA\u2010regulated genes. Notably, the differential expression results depict the enhanced response of primed trees to the frost and highlight gene expression changes unique to primed trees. Amongst these are up\u2010regulated genes encoding pathogenesis\u2010related proteins, heat shock proteins, enzymes for ABA metabolism, and ABA\u2010induced transcription factors. Extending the priming experiments to field conditions, which showed a benefit to the physiology of trees following chilling, suggests that it can be a possible means to improve trees' response to cold stress under natural winter conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.14291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T06:25:25Z","timestamp":1713335125000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Priming avocado with sodium hydrosulfide prior to frost conditions induces the expression of genes involved in protection and stress responses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"176","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0464-6031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivekanand","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO) \u2010 Volcani Institute  Rishon LeZion 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