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Untargeted metabolomic analyses were conducted on untreated and AZA\u2010treated seedlings at two time points: 7 and 14\u2009days after treatment initiation. The results revealed a general accumulation of sugars (e.g., glucose, mannose, xylose), amino acids (e.g., lysine, GABA, threonine, glutamine), and organic acids (e.g., glutaric acid, shikimic acid, succinic acid) in AZA treated\u2010seedlings, suggesting that AZA triggers stress responses in Arabidopsis. Ionomic analysis revealed that AZA induces phosphorus deficiency, which plants compensate by increasing malate content in the roots. Additionally, AZA treatment induced putrescine accumulation within the root, a metabolic biomarker of potassium deficiency and plant stress. The metabolomic profile showed elevated levels of different specialized metabolites, such as nitrogen\u2010 and sulphur\u2010containing compounds, and altered levels of various phytohormones, including jasmonates and brassinosteroids, implicated in plant protection under biotic and\/or abiotic stresses. These findings support the hypothesis that AZA's mode of action is associated with an auxin imbalance, suggesting its function as an auxinic herbicide. The observed increases in starch and jasmonates, coupled with the disruptions in potassium homeostasis, are linked to the previously reported alterations in the auxin transport, root architecture and gravitropic root response. Statistical analyses were applied, including Kruskal\u2010Wallis tests for ionomic data, as well as multifactor analysis, Principal Component Analysis, Orthogonal Partial Least Squares\u2010Discriminant Analysis, and enrichment pathway analysis for metabolomic data, ensuring the robustness and validity of these findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.14550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T04:34:46Z","timestamp":1727411686000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evaluating the effects of azelaic acid in the metabolism of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/i> seedlings through untargeted metabolomics and ionomics approaches"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"176","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7064-4272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"\u00c1lvarez\u2010Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de Vigo. Departamento de Biolox\u00eda Vexetal e Ciencias do Solo Facultade de Biolox\u00eda  Vigo Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Agroecolox\u00eda e Alimentaci\u00f3n (IAA) Universidade de Vigo \u2010 Campus Auga  Ourense Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5807-7113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Biancamaria","family":"Senizza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Sustainable Food Process, CRAST Research Centre Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore  Piacenza Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4983-4116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Araniti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali \u2010 Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia Universit\u00e0 Statale di Milano  Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5133-9464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Lucini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Sustainable Food Process, CRAST Research Centre Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore  Piacenza Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Lucchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali \u2010 Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia Universit\u00e0 Statale di Milano  Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0771-9259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adela M.","family":"S\u00e1nchez\u2010Moreiras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de Vigo. 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