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Previous studies have shown that a Temporary Immersion Bioreactor System (TIBS) plays an important role in controlling plant growth in order to obtain reproducible EVs and PDNVs. PDNVs were isolated from <jats:italic>P. ternata<\/jats:italic> plants and EVs were collected in the TIBS medium via ultra\u2010high\u2010speed differential centrifugation. Particle size, Zeta potentials and particle concentrations were assessed for PDNVs and EVs. Furthermore, non\u2010targeted metabolomics was used to assess metabolic compositional differences between EVs and PDNVs, enabling the evaluation of the TIBS's quality control efficacy. Metabolomic profiling revealed 1072 metabolites in PDNVs and EVs, including 426 differential metabolites (DMs) distinguishing PDNVs from EVs: 362 DMs were positively correlated with PDNVs and 64 DMs were positively correlated with EVs; they were enriched across 17 KEGG pathways. PCA, PLS\u2010DA, and metabolite sample correlation analyses showed high consistency between the replicates (PDNVs &gt;0.87, EVs\u2009&gt;0.93). This study demonstrated that TIBS is a performant system allowing consistency in generating PDNVs and EVs from <jats:italic>P. ternata.<\/jats:italic> We also highlighted the metabolic differences between PDNVs and EVs, guiding researchers in finding the bet system to produce efficient nanodrugs containing <jats:italic>P. ternata<\/jats:italic> pharmacological compounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.70016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T07:47:47Z","timestamp":1734680867000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Metabolomic analysis of plant\u2010derived nanovesicles and extracellular vesicles from <i>Pinellia ternata<\/i>: insights into a temporary immersion bioreactor system"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"176","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9202-563X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fuxing","family":"Shu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization Zunyi Medical University  Zunyi Guizhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surendra","family":"Sarsaiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization Zunyi Medical University  Zunyi Guizhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leilei","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhe","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Health Vocational College  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Health Vocational College  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoguang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0531-491X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jishuang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization Zunyi Medical University  Zunyi Guizhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241411236"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202100751"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12101404"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08941939.2018.1441342"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","article-title":"A comprehensive review on ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological evaluation, and quality control of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) 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