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Preventing its entry into crops is an outstanding issue. 3,4\u2010Dihydroxy\u2010L\u2010phenylalanine (L\u2010DOPA) is a non\u2010proteinogenic amino acid that is secreted by a few legume plants and affects neighboring plants. Exogenous L\u2010DOPA triggers iron (Fe) uptake by roots of\n                    <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/jats:italic>\n                    Columbia\u20100 ecotype through transcriptional activation of Fe deficiency genes, including\n                    <jats:italic>IRONMAN<\/jats:italic>\n                    s (IMAs), which encode peptides regulating Fe homeostasis. Ectopic expression of\n                    <jats:italic>IRONMAN1<\/jats:italic>\n                    was reported to enhance Cd tolerance in\n                    <jats:italic>Arabidopsis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We therefore hypothesized that L\u2010DOPA could also enhance Cd tolerance by stimulating the expression of IMAs. In the present study, the elemental profile and the expression of key genes of plants exposed to a combination of Cd and L\u2010DOPA were studied. The results show that exogenous L\u2010DOPA considerably enhances the Cd tolerance of\n                    <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/jats:italic>\n                    , abolishing the Cd\u2010induced chlorosis and necrosis, and reducing Cd accumulation. This increased tolerance is not due to an enhanced Fe uptake and is not mediated by IMAs. Instead, L\u2010DOPA triggered a peculiar transcriptional program that led to an increased expression of a branch of the Fe deficiency pathway comprising the transcription factor\n                    <jats:italic>bHLH39<\/jats:italic>\n                    but, surprisingly, not its target genes\n                    <jats:italic>FRO2<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>IRT1<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The\n                    <jats:italic>NICOTIANAMINE SYNTHASE 4<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>NAS4<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) gene, which mediates Cd tolerance, was highly and specifically upregulated by the application of L\u2010DOPA and Cd combined. These results suggest that Fe homeostasis is controlled by small molecules through currently unknown mechanisms that could be leveraged to manipulate Fe and Cd accumulation in plants.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.70024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]],"date-time":"2024-12-27T04:34:07Z","timestamp":1735274047000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["L\u2010\n                    <scp>DOPA<\/scp>\n                    promotes cadmium tolerance and modulates iron deficiency genes in\n                    <i>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"Ching\u2010Yuan","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture and Bioresources National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"En\u2010Jung","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture and Bioresources National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan\u2010Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture and Bioresources National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2914-9023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louis","family":"Grillet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture and Bioresources National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry website https:\/\/atsdr.cdc.gov."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.108.133348"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00218-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06891-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.14164"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b05760"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.121983"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4811-9-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.103.3.695"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.11.5624"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00333575"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10452"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2023.111694"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"617","article-title":"L\u20103,4\u2010Dihydroxyphenylalanine as an allelochemical candidate from Mucuna pruriens (L.) 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