{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T21:30:20Z","timestamp":1788643820468,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019YFC1710601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFC1710601"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiologia Plantarum"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Pinellia ternata<\/jats:italic>\n                    is an herb species in the\n                    <jats:italic>Pinellia<\/jats:italic>\n                    genus with significant economic value due to its medicinal properties. Understanding the accumulation and spatial distribution characteristics of metabolites during the development of the medicinal part, the rhizome of\n                    <jats:italic>P. ternata<\/jats:italic>\n                    (PR), provides a basis for targeted metabolic regulation and quality evaluation. In this study, we used matrix\u2010assisted laser desorption\/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI) and MS\/MS to analyse metabolites at 5 representative stages (S1 to S5) of rhizome development in cross and longitudinal sections of the rhizome. A total of 168 metabolites were detected, with 13 being metabolites previously reported in PR. Additionally, Venn analysis revealed 12 bioactive differential metabolites during the growth process. Their spatial distribution and composition were analyzed, showing that alkaloids and amino acids were significantly distributed throughout the entire region and had higher relative contents compared to other metabolites. Flavonoids were more distributed in the outer regions of PR, potentially playing a greater role in combating biotic or abiotic stresses. Specifically, in cross\u2010sections, arginine, nicotinamide, and 2\u2010pentylpyridine showed a clear trend of accumulation from the outer to the inner from S1 to S5, while trigonelline, adenosine, cytidine, 3,4\u2010dihydroxycinnamyl alcohol, raffinose, choline alfoscerate, liquiritin, and apii exhibited the opposite trend. For longitudinal sections, trigonelline, 2\u2010pentylpyridine, choline alfoscerate and baicalein showed a trend of accumulation from the area of bud end to the far region during S1 to S5, while arginine showed opposite distribution trends. These findings deepen our understanding of the metabolic processes involved in the development of PR and have potential implications for variety improvement and quality control.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.70049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T05:14:26Z","timestamp":1737350066000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The spatiotemporal changes of metabolites in\n                    <i>Pinellia ternata<\/i>\n                    at different development stages by MALDI\u2010MSI"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3638-9017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yifei","family":"Pei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao\u2010Di Herbs, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0334-1225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xue","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao\u2010Di Herbs, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2566-2203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziyi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao\u2010Di Herbs, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2627-8847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jialei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao\u2010Di Herbs, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7982-1674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jialu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao\u2010Di Herbs, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7330-9651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bijie Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Bijie China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4342-3938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haitao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5092-854X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiwen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao\u2010Di Herbs, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1934578X1400900616"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115650"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2023.147426"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.113.117184"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-019-2944-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26689\/jcnr.v5i4.2246"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1189499"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154223"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.700498"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2013.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114760"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2022.105285"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.17393"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","volume-title":"Research on tuber expansion regular of different propagation materials and doilless cultivation of Pinellia ternata","author":"Li FY","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","volume-title":"The histomorphology of the different reproduction of Pinellia ternata","author":"Luo QS","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113252"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19390211.2017.1329244"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-022-2375-y"},{"issue":"19","key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"5158","article-title":"Ploidy and whole genome survey of Pinellia ternata","volume":"49","author":"Pei YF","year":"2024","journal-title":"China j chin mater med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115696"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","first-page":"290","article-title":"In vitro propagation of taro, with spermine, arginine, and ornithine","volume":"11","author":"Sabapathy S","year":"1992","journal-title":"Plant Cell Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/1343"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2021.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2021.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2020.153275"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3719\/weed.42.18"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154451"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10725-021-00752-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112837"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/psb.28717"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-021-01550-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2014.09.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122687"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4238(99)00055-2"}],"container-title":["Physiologia Plantarum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ppl.70049","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ppl.70049","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ppl.70049","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T15:57:49Z","timestamp":1772985469000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ppl.70049"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ppl.70049"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ppl.70049","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9317","1399-3054"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9317","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3054","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70049"}}