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However, regardless of the biomass supporting the leaf, high rates of gas exchange are typically accomplished by small, densely packed stomata on the leaf surface, which is enabled by smaller genome sizes. Here, we investigate how variation in genome size\u2010cell size allometry interacts with variation in biomass allocation (i.e.\u2009LMA) to influence the maximum surface conductance to CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and the rate of resource turnover as measured by leaf water residence time. We sampled both evergreen and deciduous\n                    <jats:italic>Rhododendron<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Ericaceae) taxa from wild populations and botanical gardens, including naturally occurring putative hybrids and artificially generated hybrids. We measured genome size, anatomical traits related to cell sizes, and morphological traits related to water content and dry mass allocation. Consistent with the LES, higher LMA was associated with slower water residence times, and LMA was strongly associated with leaf thickness. Although anatomical and morphological traits varied orthogonally to each other, cell size had a pervasive impact on leaf functional anatomy: for a given leaf thickness, reducing cell size elevated the leaf surface conductance and shortened the mean water residence time. These analyses clarify how anatomical traits related to genome size\u2010cell size allometry can influence leaf function independently of morphological traits related to leaf longevity and durability.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.70054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T03:24:22Z","timestamp":1736911462000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cell size has pervasive effects on the functional composition and morphology of leaves: a case study in\n                    <i>Rhododendron<\/i>\n                    (Ericaceae)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"Arezoo","family":"Dastpak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Faculty of Basic Science, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University  Miami FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azalea Society of America  Washington D.C USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally","family":"Perkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Rhododendron Society, Great River  New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Perkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azalea Society of America  Washington D.C USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Horn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Newberry College  Newberry SC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Davis Arboretum, Auburn University  Auburn AL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connor","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Holden Forests and Gardens  Kirtland OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Holden Forests and Gardens  Kirtland OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi\u2010Dong","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agrobioresources and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation College of Forestry, Guangxi University  Nanning Guangxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3221-8608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guo\u2010Feng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agrobioresources and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation College of Forestry, Guangxi University  Nanning Guangxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin A.","family":"Simonin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology San Francisco State University  San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4423-8729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam B.","family":"Roddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University  Miami FL USA"},{"name":"current address: Department of Environmental Studies New York University  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1310178"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcl271"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2008.02528.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2006.01919.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-7-2193-2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.17971"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2010.0485"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/284898"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.16.01313"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2217"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.13929"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"64","article-title":"Investigation 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