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This study examined how plant P\u2010deficiency modified the adaxial leaf surface morphology of four barley cultivars and whether these modifications could be linked to quantitative differences in foliar\u2010applied P absorption. Four Australian barley cultivars were grown hydroponically under P\u2010sufficient and P\u2010deficient conditions. A <jats:sup>32<\/jats:sup>P radiolabelled foliar phosphate solution was applied to adaxial leaf surfaces for 2 or 7\u2009days to investigate absorption and translocation. All cultivars showed different responses to P\u2010deficiency (stomatal density, trichome density, thickness of the epidermal cell wall and cuticle). However, no clear trends were observed among the cultivars in their responses to P deficiency. Cultivars absorbed foliar\u2010applied P regardless of plant P status. Remobilisation occurred from the treated leaf to untreated shoots in all but one cultivar. While P\u2010deficient plants absorbed and accumulated significantly less foliar\u2010applied P after 7\u2009days, this was not linked to measured changes in stomatal or trichome density or the thickness of the epidermal cell wall and cuticle. Autoradiographs revealed that <jats:sup>32<\/jats:sup>P accumulation was limited to newly emerging leaves in P\u2010deficient plants, while P\u2010sufficient plants also remobilized and accumulated <jats:sup>32<\/jats:sup>P into older leaves and tillers. Relatively high P absorption (&gt;\u200965% of foliar\u2010applied P) in both P\u2010sufficient and P\u2010deficient plants suggests that foliar\u2010applied P may be a useful fertiliser top\u2010up strategy for barley. Due to the lower absorption in P\u2010deficient barley, foliar applications should be made before severe P\u2010deficiency symptoms are apparent to improve absorption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.70263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T10:33:58Z","timestamp":1747910038000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effects of Phosphorus Deficiency on Leaf Surface Morphology: Absorption and Translocation of Foliar\u2010Applied Phosphorus in Four Barley Cultivars"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9236-5565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maja","family":"Arsic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Australia, Future Industries Institute  Mawson Lakes South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen  Frederiksberg C 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