{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T17:19:35Z","timestamp":1785259175384,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007706","name":"Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007706","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiologia Plantarum"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plant biostimulants represent a promising option to improve agricultural production and stress resistance while reducing the use of fertilizers and pesticides. Despite various evidence demonstrating the beneficial role of biostimulants in preventing the negative effects of abiotic stress on plants, the ability of biostimulants to bolster defense mechanisms has been brought to light only recently. In this work, the impact of a biostimulant based on <jats:italic>Ecklonia maxima<\/jats:italic> and yeast extracts (S\/Y) on the response of tomato infected with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Pseudomonas syringae<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> pv. <jats:italic>tomato<\/jats:italic> DC3000 (<jats:italic>Pst<\/jats:italic> DC3000) was assessed. S\/Y was selected after a screening to identify biostimulants capable of conferring resistance to <jats:italic>Pst<\/jats:italic> DC3000. S\/Y boosts the early events of the plant's innate immunity. Indeed, biostimulation increased the <jats:italic>Pst<\/jats:italic> DC3000\u2010induced oxidative burst by upregulating the NADPH oxidase\/respiratory burst oxidase homolog and apoplastic class III peroxidases expression. Moreover, the deposition of callose was also promoted. Due to improved activation of early defense responses by S\/Y, disease symptoms and bacterial spread 72\u2009h after the infection were significantly reduced. Finally, levels of salicylic acid, a key hormone in plant innate immunity, were increased by S\/Y, whilst those of jasmonic acid and auxin, which are negative regulators in defense responses to <jats:italic>Pst<\/jats:italic> DC3000, were hampered. Overall, these findings show that S\/Y mitigates infection symptoms by acting on different defense mechanisms, thus providing evidence of the potential of the biostimulant to improve plants' response to biotic stresses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.70301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T03:56:26Z","timestamp":1748577386000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Biostimulant Based on <i>Ecklonia maxima<\/i> and Yeast Extract Increases the Resistance of Tomato Plants Toward <i>Pseudomonas syringae<\/i> pv. <i>tomato<\/i> DC3000"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Fiorillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Tor Vergata University of Rome  Rome 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