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Here, sunflower and tomato plants were subjected to six treatments differing in water availability: control (CL, full irrigation), short\u2010term water deficit stress (ST) and gradual recoveries addressed after 3, 6, 12 and 24\u2009h of rewatering plants previously subjected to ST (ST\u2010Rec 3, 6, 12 and 24\u2009h, respectively). Under ST, both species reduced net CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> assimilation (<jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>N<\/jats:sub>) due to decreased stomatal and mesophyll conductances (<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>, respectively), enhancing water use efficiency (WUE). Nonetheless, these traits were gradually restored upon ST\u2010Rec, reaching control values under ST\u2010Rec at 24\u2009h. Similarly, modifications in the cell wall main composition (i.e., cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins and lignin) were found. While changes in pectins concentration across treatments could have influenced <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>N<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub> in a species\u2010dependent manner, they were linked with <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>\/<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub> variations when pooling data for both crops together. However, a significant relationship between pectins and WUE was only detected in sunflowers. We suggest that these modifications in pectins content could have remodelled the cell wall assembly, influencing CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> diffusion through the leaf and, ultimately, <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>N<\/jats:sub>. Although further experiments should be performed to reinforce our findings, we propose that variations in cell wall composition\u2014especially pectins\u2014may have affected the gradual photosynthetic recovery in plants previously subjected to water deprivation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.70338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T11:04:40Z","timestamp":1750331080000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Dynamics of Pectins and Photosynthetic Traits in Sunflower and Tomato Subjected to Gradual Recoveries Preceded by Water Deprivation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8727-2564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margalida","family":"Roig\u2010Oliver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group on Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia Universitat de 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Econom\u00eda del Agua (INAGEA)  Palma Illes Balears Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaume","family":"Flexas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group on Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Instituto de Investigaciones Agroambientales y de Econom\u00eda del Agua (INAGEA)  Palma Illes Balears 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