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Contrarily, melatonin maintains redox balance, particularly during stress. The redox status and MGO levels might differ in drought\u2010sensitive and drought\u2010tolerant varieties, so shall the melatonin's effect. This present study evaluated the effect of melatonin priming on MGO detoxification and autophagy during seed germination under polyethylene glycol (PEG)\u2010induced drought stress in drought\u2010sensitive (L\u2010799) and drought\u2010tolerant (Suraj) varieties of upland cotton. Melatonin priming increased endogenous melatonin content, reduced MGO accumulation and advanced glycation end\u2010products (AGEs), and downregulated the expression of MGO biosynthesis genes in L\u2010799 under stress. The expression and activities of glyoxalases and nonglyoxalases were upregulated, showing melatonin's effectiveness in MGO detoxification. Additionally, melatonin priming upregulated\n                    <jats:italic>TPI1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>PGK5<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>PK1<\/jats:italic>\n                    expressions and downregulated\n                    <jats:italic>HK3<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression, allowing better conversion of glucose to pyruvate, leading to reduced MGO in L\u2010799. The downregulated expression of necrosis\u2010related genes with reduced cell death in L\u2010799 shows the potential of melatonin priming in maintaining cell viability under stress. Furthermore, the upregulated expression of\n                    <jats:italic>SnRK1.1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>SnRK2.6<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes and the KIN10 protein levels confirmed improved autophagy in melatonin\u2010primed L\u2010799 under stress, as evidenced by enhanced autophagy markers (\n                    <jats:italic>ATGs<\/jats:italic>\n                    , MDC\u2010stained bodies, lipidated\u2010ATG8). Despite lowered ABA, melatonin\u2010mediated MGO homeostasis likely activated MAPK6, thus inducing autophagy independent of ABA in stressed plants. Conversely, Suraj seedlings showed a limited response to melatonin priming under stress possibly owing to its inherent stress tolerance and higher endogenous melatonin. Overall, this study illustrates melatonin's role in regulating MGO homeostasis and autophagy under drought stress in cotton.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.70380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T01:39:45Z","timestamp":1751593185000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Melatonin Mediates Methylglyoxal Homeostasis and Autophagy During Seed Germination Under Polyethylene Glycol\u2010Induced Drought Stress in Upland Cotton"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"Deepika","family":"Dake","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad  Hyderabad Telangana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laha","family":"Supriya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad  Hyderabad Telangana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amarjeet","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad  Hyderabad Telangana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1658-7013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Padmaja","family":"Gudipalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad  Hyderabad Telangana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-021-03160-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.70653"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2015.00023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.1525"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2014.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01904167.2019.1589502"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1149873"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12804"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.9450"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1918539117"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.00667"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"1002","article-title":"Functional Genomics in the Study of Seed Germination","volume":"3","author":"Bove J.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genome Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0228241"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.108.126714"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2005.02396.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/psb.3.3.5536"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-018-2881-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10010019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9452(98)00025-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11020168"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2023.2247300"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.13693"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.12621"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.2006.tb12389.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2019.00468"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.932912"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17429145.2020.1832267"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2022.04.071"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(68)90654-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.111.093112"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1438-8677.2012.00607.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","first-page":"97","volume-title":"Plant\u2010Environment Interactions: Responses and Approaches to Mitigate Stress","author":"Hossain M. 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