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This study investigates the effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010NPs) on growth, photosynthetic properties, antioxidant enzyme activities, and aroma synthesis in fragrant rice seedlings under Cd stress. Heavy metal contamination in agriculture, particularly cadmium, is exacerbated by its high mobility. Nanotechnology, particularly the application of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010NPs), presents a significant yet underexplored potential for mitigating these detrimental effects. Our results demonstrate that CeO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010NPs significantly enhance the tolerance of fragrant rice seedlings to Cd stress. This is achieved primarily by reducing Cd uptake and suppressing the expression of genes responsible for Cd uptake and translocation. CeO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010NPs also improve the antioxidant capacity of the seedlings, alleviate the impairment of the photosynthetic system under Cd stress, and promote root and overall plant growth. Additionally, CeO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010NPs increase the aroma content of fragrant rice by enhancing the activity of aroma\u2010related enzymes, increasing proline content, and subsequently elevating the levels of 2\u2010acetyl\u20101\u2010pyrroline (2\u2010AP), a key aromatic compound. The study underscores the dual role of CeO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010NPs in mitigating Cd toxicity and enhancing aromatic quality in fragrant rice. These findings suggest that CeO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010NPs are a promising tool for protecting and improving the quality of fragrant rice in Cd\u2010contaminated environments, offering a potential strategy for managing heavy metal stress in agriculture.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.70384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T14:21:47Z","timestamp":1752070907000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Spraying Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles to Optimize Morphological Structure and Physiological Response of\u00a0Fragrant Rice Seedlings Under Cadmium Stress"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"Pipeng","family":"Xing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro\u2010Bioresources, College of Agriculture South China Agricultural University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"College of Agriculture South China Agricultural University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meiying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro\u2010Bioresources, College of Agriculture South China Agricultural University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"College of Agriculture South China Agricultural 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Agricultural University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"College of Agriculture South China Agricultural University  Guangzhou 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