{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:08:20Z","timestamp":1791922100339,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiologia Plantarum"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Mesembryanthemum tortuosum<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a valuable South African medicinal plant. A wide range of pharmacological and therapeutic actions have been ascribed to the plants'\u00a0mesembrine\u2010type alkaloids. Alkaloids are naturally produced in minute quantities in plants; however, production is often increased in stress conditions. This study aimed to determine the effects of abiotic stress on\n                    <jats:italic>M. tortuosum<\/jats:italic>\n                    growth and mesembrine\u2010type alkaloid production. Light (0, 8, 16, and 24\u2009h), salt (0, 50, 100, and 200\u2009\u03bcM NaCl), and osmotic stress (0, 25, 50, and 100\u2009g\u2009L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    polyethylene glycol; PEG) were applied to\n                    <jats:italic>M. tortuosum<\/jats:italic>\n                    cultures in\u00a0vitro. Growth effects were recorded after 28\u2009days. Alkaloid extracts were analyzed with UPLC\u2010MS. Total mesembrine\u2010type alkaloid contents were significantly increased by 0\u2009h light and 100\u2009g\u2009l\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    PEG (9.16\u2009\u00b1\u20090.12 and 6.74\u2009\u00b1\u20090.30\u2009\u03bcg\u2009mg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    DW, respectively), in comparison to the controls (2.93\u2009\u00b1\u20090.16 and 3.73\u2009\u00b1\u20090.014\u2009\u03bcg\u2009mg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    DW, respectively). Zero h light allowed for more optimal plantlet growth than osmotic stress treatments. Growth effects and conservation of secondary metabolite pools in the presence of salt confirmed that\n                    <jats:italic>M. tortuosum<\/jats:italic>\n                    has a halophytic nature. Abiotic stress application is a simplistic and inexpensive method of enhancing mesembrine\u2010type alkaloid production in\n                    <jats:italic>M. tortuosum<\/jats:italic>\n                    . With some modification, these methods could prove valuable to small\u2010 and large\u2010scale growers of\n                    <jats:italic>M. tortuosum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , along with biotechnologists and pharmaceutical companies. The growing need for commercial availability of these phytochemicals could possibly be satiated with the appropriate use of the stress conditions described.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.70385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T08:00:21Z","timestamp":1752480021000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Effects of Light, Salt, and Osmotic Stress on\n                    <i>Mesembryanthemum tortuosum<\/i>\n                    Growth and Mesembrine\u2010Type Alkaloid Production In\u00a0Vitro"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"Amrisha","family":"Sreekissoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal Pietermaritzburg  Scottsville South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiyang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tshwane University of Technology  Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvaro M.","family":"Viljoen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tshwane University of Technology  Pretoria South Africa"},{"name":"SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit Tshwane University of Technology  Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey F.","family":"Finnie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal Pietermaritzburg  Scottsville South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0515-1281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes","family":"Van Staden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal Pietermaritzburg  Scottsville South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36077\/kjas\/2024\/v16i3.11847"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1626\/pps.12.37"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Water Stress","author":"Ak\u0131nc\u0131 \u015e.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/psb.6.11.17613"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"237","article-title":"The Effect of Water Stress and Magnetic Water in the Production of Trignolline in Callus of Fenugreek","volume":"9","author":"Alalwani B. 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