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This study focused on the WUSCHEL\u2010related homeobox (WOX) family, which includes key regulators of plant regeneration. We systematically identified the members of the\n                    <jats:italic>WOX<\/jats:italic>\n                    family in four cultivated varieties of the \u201csmooth\u2010shelled\u201d type and in one species of the \u201crough\u2010shelled\u201d type. We demonstrated the presence of 19 WOX family members in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>M. integrifolia<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u201cGR1.\u201d Expression analysis revealed that the WUS clade members\n                    <jats:italic>MiWOX1b<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>4a<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>4b<\/jats:italic>\n                    were highly expressed in shoot apices, roots, and calli. Functional validation experiments demonstrated that overexpressing\n                    <jats:italic>MiWOX1b<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>4a<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>4b<\/jats:italic>\n                    significantly enhanced\n                    <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic>\n                    root regeneration (DNRR) in\n                    <jats:italic>Nicotiana benthamiana<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The hypocotyls of\n                    <jats:italic>MiWOX1b\u2010<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>MiWOX4a\u2010<\/jats:italic>\n                    overexpressing\n                    <jats:italic>N. benthamiana<\/jats:italic>\n                    seedlings spontaneously produced ectopic buds on hormone\u2010free Murashige and Skoog medium in a dose\u2010dependent manner, suggesting their involvement in\n                    <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic>\n                    shoot regeneration (DNSR). Transcriptomic analysis further revealed that these genes promoted regeneration by activating auxin biosynthesis genes, such as\n                    <jats:italic>TAR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>YUC2\/4<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and upregulating the regeneration\u2010associated genes\n                    <jats:italic>GRFs<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>BBM<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Moreover,\n                    <jats:italic>MiWOX1b<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010assisted transformation of woody oil crop\n                    <jats:italic>Plukenetia volubilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    resulted in transgenic shoots. These findings highlight the potential of these genes for forest genetic engineering while providing novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of regeneration in woody plants.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.70458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T04:26:16Z","timestamp":1755836776000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Identification and Functional Analysis of\n                    <i>WOX<\/i>\n                    Genes in\n                    <i>Macadamia<\/i>\n                    <scp>spp.<\/scp>\n                    Reveal\n                    <i>WOX1<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>WOX4<\/i>\n                    Homologs Involved in Shoot Regeneration"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"Jinhui","family":"Mo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Cultivation of Fast\u2011Growing Timber in Central South China, College of Forestry Guangxi University  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Cultivation of Fast\u2011Growing Timber in Central South China, College of Forestry Guangxi University  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiling","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Cultivation of Fast\u2011Growing Timber in Central South China, College of Forestry Guangxi University  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaoke","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Cultivation of Fast\u2011Growing Timber in Central South China, College of Forestry Guangxi University  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenlin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute  Longzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Dongmen State owned Forest Farm  Chongzuo China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kangming","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Cultivation of Fast\u2011Growing Timber in Central South China, College of Forestry Guangxi University  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunwen","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Dongmen State owned Forest Farm  Chongzuo China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingyu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Cultivation of Fast\u2011Growing Timber in Central South China, College of Forestry Guangxi University  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuandong","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Cultivation of Fast\u2011Growing Timber in Central South China, College of Forestry Guangxi University  Nanning 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