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Nitric oxide (NO) signalling is essential for drought tolerance. This study explores the relationship between in\u00a0vivo NO levels, mediated by NO scavenging phytoglobin (encoded by\n                    <jats:italic>Pgb<\/jats:italic>\n                    , non\u2010symbiosis associated hemoglobin), and drought tolerance in oat (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Avena sativa<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ). Real\u2010time in\u00a0vivo NO measurements suggested increased production under moderate to high water stress in the susceptible cultivar Flega compared to the resistant Patones. This elevated NO correlated with increased senescence in Flega. Conversely, the resistant cultivar Patones showed a marked increase in\n                    <jats:italic>Pgb<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene expression, which correlated with reduced NO levels in\u00a0vivo. This suggested that\n                    <jats:italic>Pgb<\/jats:italic>\n                    acts as a protective mechanism against NO\u2010induced stress. Water stress\u2010induced NO increases fed into the polyamine pathway, leading to a significant rise in arginine decarboxylase (\n                    <jats:italic>ADC<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) expression, leading to putrescine accumulation in the susceptible cultivar, whereas the resistant Patones maintained lower\n                    <jats:italic>ADC<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression and polyamine levels. Elevated in\u00a0vivo ethylene production was also observed in the susceptible cultivar Flega, correlating with severe drought\u2010induced senescence symptoms and linked to the naturally high NO levels in this cultivar. Assessment of other oat genotypes confirmed a negative correlation between\n                    <jats:italic>Pgb<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression and drought symptoms. These results underscore an important role of phytoglobins in modulating NO levels to counter drought in oat and suggest a potential target for genetic improvement of oat for drought tolerance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.70597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T03:57:43Z","timestamp":1761537463000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Phytoglobin Scavenging of Nitric Oxide Is Associated With\u00a0Ethylene Reduction and Drought Tolerance in Oat (\n                    <i>Avena sativa<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5612-6698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gracia","family":"Montilla\u2010Bascon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIC Institute for Sustainable Agriculture  C\u00f3rdoba Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona M.","family":"Cristescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University Nijmegen  Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0961-9817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis A. 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