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We tested whether elevated [CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ] alters drought resistance and recovery using cuttings of two ecotypes of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Populus balsamifera<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (Peace River, PR; Hay River, HR) grown under factorial combinations of [CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ] (400 vs. 1000\u2009\u03bcmol\u2009mol\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and water regime (well\u2010watered vs. drought followed by re\u2010watering). Under drought, elevated [CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ] compensated for the water deficit in net photosynthesis (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>n<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) only in PR, narrowing the ecotypic difference in\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>n<\/jats:sub>\n                    ; this pattern was accompanied by a PR\u2010specific increase in photosynthetic capacity (\n                    <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    c\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), whereas HR showed little CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010driven enhancement. Stomatal conductance (\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) declined with drought across [CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ] levels, and intrinsic water\u2010use efficiency (\n                    <jats:italic>WUE<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u1d62) increased with both drought and elevated [CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ]. Following re\u2010watering, drought plants showed strong recovery of\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>n<\/jats:sub>\n                    and photosynthetic capacity (\n                    <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    c\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>J<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) with\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                    and the ratio of intercellular [CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ] to ambient [CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ] becoming comparable to those in well\u2010watered trees, indicating recovery of both diffusional and biochemical limitations. Moreover, whole\u2010plant responses remained ecotype dependent: drought reduced total biomass in both ecotypes, with a greater reduction in PR, while HR expressed lower specific leaf area and leaf area ratio under drought. Ecotype\u2010dependent responses to the interaction between elevated [CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ] and drought highlight the need to consider intraspecific variation in process\u2010based models to improve projections of population responses under future climates.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.70802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T11:12:28Z","timestamp":1771499548000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Elevated\n                    <scp>CO<\/scp>\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    Modifies Within\u2010Species Differences in Relative Drought Resistance With Implications for Recovery in\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Populus balsamifera<\/i>\n                    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