{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T09:14:08Z","timestamp":1788426848390,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiologia Plantarum"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    African rice faces flooding, leading to hypoxia, which triggers the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Stress priming involves subjecting a plant to mild stress to enhance its tolerance to abiotic stress. This study examined the physiological, biochemical, and anatomical responses of two rice species,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Oryza glaberrima<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (CG 14) and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Oryza sativa<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (FARO 44), under various flooding conditions. The treatments included plants exposed to flooding stress once (FS1) and plants subjected to flood\u2010priming (FP) treatments. Phenotypically, CG 14 and FARO 44 respond to flooding through stem elongation and reduced root formation. Flood priming induced superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, glutathione, and flavonoids in both rice species. FARO 44 differentially increased phenylalanine ammonia\u2010lyase activity, which activates the production of secondary metabolites. Carbohydrate\u2010active enzymes (CAZymes), with primed FARO 44 displaying increased glycoside hydrolase and polysaccharide lyase activities, support cell wall loosening and membrane remodeling, facilitating the formation of wider aerenchyma. Thickened root endodermis and exodermis observed in primed FARO 44 suggest barrier formation, whereas CG 14 showed accumulation of reduced ascorbate with limited anatomical adaptation. Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity decreased in CG 14 and increased in FARO 44, suggesting superior energy management in FARO 44 to support enzymatic and structural adjustments. Together, enhanced antioxidant defenses, CAZyme\u2010mediated cell wall remodeling, PAL\u2010ATPase integration, and anatomical plasticity underpin the superior flooding tolerance of FARO 44 and demonstrate the metabolic reprogramming benefits of flood priming in rice.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.71006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T10:02:08Z","timestamp":1783677728000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stress Priming Enhances Tolerance Mechanisms in Rice Species (\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Oryza sativa<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    and\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>O. glaberrima<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    ) under Flooding"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"178","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0247-4317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oyinade A.","family":"David","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology Federal University Oye\u2010Ekiti  Oye\u2010Ekiti Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oluwatobi A.","family":"Ajayi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology Federal University Oye\u2010Ekiti  Oye\u2010Ekiti Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abimbola J.","family":"Idowu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology Federal University Oye\u2010Ekiti  Oye\u2010Ekiti Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary T.","family":"Tomori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology Federal University Oye\u2010Ekiti  Oye\u2010Ekiti Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Idowu J.","family":"Olawuni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Obafemi Awolowo University  Ile\u2010Ife Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ifedayo M.","family":"Adeniyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Products Development and Utilization Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria  Ibadan Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5612-4027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oluwatoyin A.","family":"Fabiyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture University of Ilorin  Ilorin Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1735-9063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tolulope O.","family":"Ajewole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology Federal University Oye\u2010Ekiti  Oye\u2010Ekiti Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.als.2016.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2012.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.71259"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2021.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pei3.70136"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.55.031903.141701"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"152","article-title":"Effect of Flooding on Rice Farmers Productivity in Niger State","volume":"28","author":"Apuyor A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Applied Tropical 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