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In this study, we performed a genome\u2010wide identification and expression analysis of the GRAS transcription factor family in pepper under cold stress. In total, 64 GRAS genes (\n                    <jats:italic>CaGRAS1\u2010CaGRAS64<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) were identified in the pepper genome and distributed across 10 different chromosomes. Additional in silico analysis provided key insights on the identified\n                    <jats:italic>CaGRAS<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes, including their conserved domains, exon\u2010intron organization, evolutionary relationships, gene ontology and synteny, and protein\u2013protein interaction network. Further, their expression analysis under cold stress suggested that\n                    <jats:italic>CaGRAS43<\/jats:italic>\n                    could be a candidate gene regulating cold stress response. Subsequent silencing of\n                    <jats:italic>CaGRAS43<\/jats:italic>\n                    via virus\u2010induced gene silencing (VIGS) increased plant sensitivity to low temperatures, resulting in elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, higher malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, increased relative electrolyte leakage (REL), and reduced antioxidant enzyme activity. In contrast, transient overexpression of\n                    <jats:italic>CaGRAS43<\/jats:italic>\n                    in pepper and stable overexpression in Arabidopsis significantly improved cold tolerance, maintained chlorophyll content, reduced ROS and membrane damage, and enhanced the expression of cold\u2010responsive and antioxidant defense genes. These results suggested that\n                    <jats:italic>CaGRAS43<\/jats:italic>\n                    functions as a positive regulator of cold stress tolerance, orchestrating both physiological and molecular mechanisms. Moreover, the results of this study highlight\n                    <jats:italic>CaGRAS43<\/jats:italic>\n                    as a promising candidate for engineering cold\u2010resilient pepper and other crops.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.71025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T08:02:26Z","timestamp":1785744146000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genome\u2010Wide Identification and Functional Characterization of\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>CaGRAS43<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    in Enhancing Cold Stress Tolerance in Pepper"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"178","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9466-0592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenbin","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agronomy Chuxiong Normal University  Chuxiong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3645-1519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ikram","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rupa","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology Centurion University of Technology and Management  Bhubaneswar Odisha India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5774-9886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Altaf","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swati","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology Centurion University of Technology and Management  Bhubaneswar Odisha India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maira","family":"Jahangir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumaira Salahuddin","family":"Lodhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Hazara University  Mansehra Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9729-1788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satyabrata","family":"Nanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology Centurion University of Technology and Management  Bhubaneswar Odisha India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rugang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2005.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2015.00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp335"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645698.2025.2548639"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-025-03432-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1078\/0176-1617-00833"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.00273"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2023.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/619832"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.10.4.623"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168843"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.15010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6026\/97320630012074"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13102818.2024.2354713"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang Wei H. 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