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Its role has also been reported in eliciting and enhancing the different secondary metabolites in plants. Sugarcane is an efficient bioenergy crop for the production of sugar and different industrial products, as well as biofuel. The present study evaluates the effect of gamma\u2010irradiated chitosan on improvements in key parameters, viz., germination and physiological and biochemical traits in the sugarcane variety Co 86032 associated with enhanced melatonin biosynthesis at the settling stage. Concomitant with the accumulation of stress\u2010associated metabolites, application of 100\u2009ppm gamma\u2010irradiated chitosan significantly enhanced phyto\u2010melatonin accumulation (2.3\u2009ppm), primarily through the enhanced key enzyme activities in phyto\u2010melatonin biosynthesis, viz., tryptophan decarboxylase (63.25%) and tryptamine 5\u2010hydroxylase (36.54%), which further activated the metabolite cascade, resulting in significant enhancements of total auxin content (45.17%), germination percentage, leaf area, vigor index\u2010I, and vigor index\u2010II. Photosynthetic pigments also show marked improvements in chlorophyll\n                    <jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic>\n                    , chlorophyll\n                    <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                    , total chlorophyll, and carotenoids. Furthermore, there were enhanced enzymatic antioxidants, viz., peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, chitinase, and non\u2010enzymatic antioxidants, viz., reducing sugars, total sugars and phenolics. Collectively, these findings suggest that gamma\u2010irradiated chitosan is a novel biostimulator that enhances endogenous phyto\u2010melatonin and auxins levels, settlings vigor, physiological efficiency, and stress tolerance in sugarcane. This study provides the first evidence in sugarcane of gamma\u2010irradiated chitosan\u2013induced phyto\u2010melatonin accumulation coupled with upregulation of key phyto\u2010melatonin biosynthetic enzymes, offering an association of elicitor\u2010driven, climate\u2010resilient, and sustainable sugarcane production strategy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.71068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T09:28:31Z","timestamp":1787218111000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Uncovering the Chitosan\u2013Melatonin Axis in Sugarcane: First Report of Enhanced Tryptophan Decarboxylase and Tryptamine 5\u2010Hydroxylase Activities"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"178","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9954-5849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinesh","family":"Ithape","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture Science and Technology Vasantdada Sugar Institute  Pune India"},{"name":"Savitribai Phule Pune University  Pune India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6748-140X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nalini","family":"Shinde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture Science and Technology Vasantdada Sugar Institute  Pune India"},{"name":"Savitribai Phule Pune University  Pune India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6055-4492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunil","family":"Dalvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture Science and Technology Vasantdada Sugar Institute  Pune India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7591-7581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atharva","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Technology, School of Science and Environmental Studies Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT\u2010World Peace University  Pune India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2529-8080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nithya N.","family":"Kutty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Technology, School of Science and Environmental Studies Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT\u2010World Peace University  Pune India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci1973.0011183X001300060013x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10343\u2010022\u201000684\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1108507"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jac.12784"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870\u2010024\u201005148\u201081\u201313"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2024.109294"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1149873"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-5888-5_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","unstructured":"Begum M. 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