{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T11:20:19Z","timestamp":1787656819566,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002701","name":"Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002701","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiologia Plantarum"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Aphid infestation, particularly by\n                    <jats:italic>Aphis glycines<\/jats:italic>\n                    , poses a major threat to soybean (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Glycine max<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) production, necessitating sustainable defence strategies. This study evaluated the role of nitric oxide (NO) donor S\u2010nitrosocysteine (CySNO) in enhancing soybean resistance to aphids through hormonal crosstalk. A dose optimisation assay revealed that 0.1\u2009mM CySNO significantly improved seed germination, shoot and root growth, while higher concentrations inhibited development. Greenhouse trials were then conducted by applying 0.1\u2009mM CySNO directly to the roots, followed by foliar applications of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) and their combination. Physiological parameters showed that CySNO pre\u2010treatment enhanced shoot length and leaf area, particularly under SA\u2009+\u2009JA application. Although chlorophyll content did not differ significantly, a slight positive trend was observed in all treated plants. Aphid population dynamics monitored over 20\u2009days revealed that CySNO combined with SA\u2009+\u2009JA significantly suppressed aphid colonisation compared to individual treatments or controls. Quantitative real\u2010time PCR analysis demonstrated that CySNO upregulated key defence genes, including\n                    <jats:italic>GmGSNOR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>GmNOX1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>GmPR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>GmLOX2<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>GmLOX10<\/jats:italic>\n                    , indicating enhanced activation of SA\u2010 and JA\u2010mediated pathways. Together, these results demonstrate that NO enhances soybean growth and strengthens defence responses via hormonal signalling, highlighting its potential as an effective strategy for aphid management within integrated pest management frameworks.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.71070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T10:34:46Z","timestamp":1787654086000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nitric Oxide and Phytohormone Crosstalk Mediates Soybean Growth and Defence Against\n                    <i>Aphis glycines<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"178","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6528-7342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fahad Ullah","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Kyungpook National University  Daegu South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Salman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Protection The University of Agriculture  Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6377-3972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun\u2010Woo","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Kyungpook National University  Daegu South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7803-429X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adil","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan  Mardan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8431-8451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murtaza","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute Kangwon National University  Chuncheon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byung\u2010Wook","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Kyungpook National University  Daegu South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370215581314","article-title":"Reactive Nitrogen Species in Cellular Signaling","volume":"240","author":"Adams L.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Experimental Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1376917","article-title":"Defense Strategies and Associated Phytohormonal Regulation in Brassica Plants in Response to Chewing and Sap\u2010Sucking Insects","volume":"15","author":"Ali J.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Plant Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2007.02.005","article-title":"Nitric Oxide as a Bioactive Signalling Molecule in Plant Stress Responses","volume":"172","author":"Arasimowicz M.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plant Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-7947-8","article-title":"Nitric Oxide Signaling and Its Crosstalk With Other Plant Growth Regulators in Plant Responses to Abiotic Stress","volume":"24","author":"Asgher M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj2007.0207","article-title":"Soybean Aphid Feeding Injury and Soybean Yield, Yield Components, and Seed Composition","volume":"100","author":"Beckendorf E. A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Agronomy Journal"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-021-02729-x","article-title":"Salicylic Acid and Nitric Oxide Cross\u2010Talks to Improve Innate Immunity and Plant Vigor in Tomato Against Fusarium Oxysporum Stress","volume":"40","author":"Chakraborty N.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Cell Reports"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy14092066","article-title":"Physiological Indexes in Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Rangpur Lime (Citrus limonia L. Osbeck) Under Plant Growth Regulators","volume":"14","author":"Domingues Neto F. J.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.12707","article-title":"Nitric Oxide Function in Plant Abiotic Stress","volume":"40","author":"Fancy N. N.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant, Cell & Environment"},{"issue":"22","key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8054","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501456102","article-title":"A Central Role for S\u2010Nitrosothiols in Plant Disease Resistance","volume":"102","author":"Feechan A.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","unstructured":"Ferdous K.2022.\u201cEffect of Micronutrients (B Zn & Mn) on Incidence Damage Severity of Sucking Insect Pests of Sunflower and Their Impact on Yield Quality Seed Production and Beneficial Arthropods.\u201d"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-003-1178-1","article-title":"Nitric Oxide Is Induced by Wounding and Influences Jasmonic Acid Signaling in \n                     Arabidopsis thaliana","volume":"218","author":"Huang X.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2016.00975","article-title":"Nitric Oxide Mediated Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Activation of Multiple Regulatory Pathways in \n                     Arabidopsis thaliana","volume":"7","author":"Hussain A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Plant Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054782","article-title":"Nitric Oxide Acts as a Key Signaling Molecule in Plant Development Under Stressful Conditions","volume":"24","author":"Khan M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4171","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-020-02257-3","article-title":"Evaluation of a Portable Chlorophyll Optical Meter to Estimate Chlorophyll Concentration in the Green Seaweed Ulva ohnoi","volume":"32","author":"Masal\u00f3 I.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Phycology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","article-title":"Integrating Nitric Oxide Into Salicylic Acid and Jasmonic Acid\/Ethylene Plant Defense Pathways","volume":"4","author":"Mur L. A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in Plant Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.01223","article-title":"The Resistant Soybean\u2010Aphis glycines Interaction: Current Knowledge and Prospects","volume":"11","author":"Natukunda M. I.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Plant Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-025-06806-1","article-title":"Alleviation of Water Stress in Soybean Symbiosis by Salicylic Acid and Methyl Jasmonate\u2010Activated Bradyrhizobium","volume":"25","author":"Nyzhnyk T.","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Plant Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.865542","article-title":"Phytohormonal Regulation Through Protein s\u2010Nitrosylation Under Stress","volume":"13","author":"Pande A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Plant Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-025-11686-8","article-title":"A Tritrophic Plant\u2010Insect\u2010Pathogen System Used to Develop a Closely Linked Rag2 and Rsv1\u2010h Recombinant Haplotype in Double\u2010Resistant Soybean Germplasm","volume":"26","author":"Posadas L. G.","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/100.4.1258","article-title":"Economic Threshold for Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae)","volume":"100","author":"Ragsdale D. W.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Entomology"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2857","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erv213","article-title":"Nitric Oxide (NO) and Phytohormones Crosstalk During Early Plant Development","volume":"66","author":"Sanz L.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Botany"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2023.107916","article-title":"Alleviation of Cadmium Toxicity in Wheat by Strigolactone: Regulating Cadmium Uptake, Nitric Oxide Signaling, and Genes Encoding Antioxidant Defense System","volume":"202","author":"Shah T.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0083-6729(05)72010-0","article-title":"Nitric Oxide Signaling in Plants","volume":"72","author":"Shapiro A. D.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vitamins and Hormones"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3141","article-title":"How Do Plants Achieve Immunity? Defence Without Specialized Immune Cells","volume":"12","author":"Spoel S. H.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Immunology"},{"issue":"5891","key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1156970","article-title":"Plant Immunity Requires Conformational Charges of NPR1 via S\u2010Nitrosylation and Thioredoxins","volume":"321","author":"Tada Y.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.phyto.050908.135202","article-title":"Salicylic Acid, a Multifaceted Hormone to Combat Disease","volume":"47","author":"Vlot A. C.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annual Review of Phytopathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2013.00314","article-title":"Cross\u2010Talk of Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species in Plant Programed Cell Death","volume":"4","author":"Wang Y.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in Plant Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mct067","article-title":"Jasmonates: Biosynthesis, Perception, Signal Transduction and Action in Plant Stress Response, Growth and Development. An Update to the 2007 Review in Annals of Botany","volume":"111","author":"Wasternack C.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annals of Botany"},{"issue":"15","key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21155191","article-title":"A Genome\u2010Wide View of Transcriptional Responses During Aphis glycines Infestation in Soybean","volume":"21","author":"Yao L.","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"422","key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3223","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/eri319","article-title":"Nitric Oxide Is Involved in Abscisic Acid\u2010Induced Antioxidant Activities in \n                     Stylosanthes guianensis","volume":"56","author":"Zhou B.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Botany"}],"container-title":["Physiologia Plantarum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ppl.71070","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ppl.71070","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ppl.71070","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T10:34:50Z","timestamp":1787654090000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ppl.71070"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ppl.71070"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ppl.71070","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9317","1399-3054"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9317","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3054","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71070"}}