{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T13:24:52Z","timestamp":1789046692155,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007134","name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Agricultura, Pecu\u00e1ria e Abastecimento","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22200.21\/0079\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22200.21\/0079\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007134","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["88887.843829\/2023\u201000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.843829\/2023\u201000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["313439\/2023\u20100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["313439\/2023\u20100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiologia Plantarum"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Somatic embryogenesis (SE) in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Theobroma cacao<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    is a micropropagation technique of great importance but remains constrained by genotype recalcitrance. The cellular and molecular mechanisms distinguishing regenerative from non\u2010regenerative responses remain poorly understood. Here, we elucidate the ontogenetic events governing embryogenic competence by comparing responsive genotypes (CCN\u201051 and 752) with a recalcitrant one (PH16). Our results demonstrate that SE success in cacao is not determined by cell proliferation speed, but rather by a slow, organized, and spatially confined developmental trajectory. Through histological and immunofluorescence analyses, we show that responsive genotypes establish a focused response within procambial tissues. This leads to the formation of late, localized auxin maxima (after 42\u2009days), which are essential for organizing morphogenesis. In contrast, the recalcitrant genotype exhibits a rapid, diffuse, and disorganized response that fails to establish necessary hormonal gradients, resulting in developmental collapse. We conclude that embryogenic competence in cacao should be redefined: it is not merely an induction event, but the precise orchestration of a developmental program dependent on the controlled reactivation of a vascular stem cell niche. These findings provide novel morphological and hormonal markers for selecting elite genotypes and offer new strategies to overcome recalcitrance in cacao.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.71072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T07:25:36Z","timestamp":1787729136000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Contrasting Embryogenic Trajectories Reveal Spatial Control as a Key Determinant of Embryogenic Competence in\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Theobroma cacao<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    L."],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"178","author":[{"given":"Stefhania","family":"Alzate\u2010Lozano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Engineering University of Bras\u00edlia (UnB)  Bras\u00edlia Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ina\u00ea Mari\u00ea","family":"de Ara\u00fajo Silva Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MAPA\/CNPq Embrapa Postoctoral Fellowship Program  Bras\u00edlia Distrito Federal Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia Franca","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden National School of Tropical Botany  Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uilson Vanderlei","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cocoa Research Center (CEPEC) Executive Commission of the Cocoa Farming Plan (CEPLAC)  Ilh\u00e9us Bahia Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6271-332X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonny Everson","family":"Scherwinski\u2010Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology  Bras\u00edlia Distrito Federal Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.16720"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2011.04.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae10010024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1150198"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1512500"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12051021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12071542"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2017.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/jab.v133i1.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2015.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00262639"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTSCI.19.4.507"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000365232"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10520296409061248"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.931105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2019.00536"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241713122"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15446\/abc.v21n2.50196"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-18035-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11627-018-9909-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-2485-2_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21093394"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Propagation of Cacao (\n                     Theobroma cacao\n                   L.) 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