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We investigated the hydraulic responses of the only two vascular plant species native to Antarctica,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Deschampsia antarctica<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Colobanthus quitensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , to long\u2010term in\u00a0situ warming imposed by open\u2010top chambers (OTCs), and assessed how these responses covary with photosynthesis (\n                    <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>N<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). After 7\u2009years under OTC,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>D. antarctica<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    reduced both leaf hydraulic conductivity (\n                    <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>leaf<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and A\n                    <jats:sub>N<\/jats:sub>\n                    when compared with plants under natural conditions (OA), whereas\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>C. quitensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    increased both. A tight coordination between hydraulics and photosynthesis emerged in both species, supported by structural and ultrastructural leaf adjustments. In\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>D. antarctica<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , reductions in\n                    <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>leaf<\/jats:sub>\n                    and A\n                    <jats:sub>N<\/jats:sub>\n                    could be linked to outside\u2010xylem modulation and likely to senescence triggered by more frequent freeze\u2013thaw events inside OTCs, where time below 0\u00b0C increased nearly tenfold compared with OA (from 32 to 309\u2009h). Conversely,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>C. quitensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    displayed increased cell wall elasticity, enhanced water transport and CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    diffusion, triggered by changes in vascular anatomy, and the growth form that favors heat conservation. These results highlight that the two Antarctic vascular species represent complementary adaptive pathways to environmental change, illustrating two sides of a common adaptive continuum, balancing hydraulic safety and efficiency, stability and plasticity, critical for survival in one of the most stressful environments on Earth.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.71079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T03:15:21Z","timestamp":1787368521000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Contrasting Hydraulic\u2013Photosynthetic Strategies Sustain Antarctic Vascular Plants Under Long\u2010Term Warming"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"178","author":[{"given":"Valentina","family":"Vallejos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chile  Temuco 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