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This study focused on\n                    <jats:italic>CmELF4\u2010LIKE 3<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a chrysanthemum homolog of the core photoperiod\u2010sensing gene\n                    <jats:italic>EARLY FLOWERING 4<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>ELF4<\/jats:italic>\n                    ).\n                    <jats:italic>CmELF4\u2010LIKE 3<\/jats:italic>\n                    displayed circadian expression patterns under both long\u2010day (LD) and short\u2010day (SD) conditions, peaking 8\u2009h after dawn, with significantly higher expression under SD than LD. The gene was highly expressed in stems and leaves, and subcellular localization confirmed its nuclear localization. Genetic transformation experiments showed that overexpression of\n                    <jats:italic>CmELF4\u2010LIKE 3<\/jats:italic>\n                    accelerated flower bud appearance by 3\u20135\u2009days compared to the wild type, whereas RNAi lines delayed bud emergence by 4\u20138\u2009days, demonstrating that\n                    <jats:italic>CmELF4\u2010LIKE 3<\/jats:italic>\n                    promotes flowering in chrysanthemum. Yeast two\u2010hybrid (Y2H) and tobacco luciferase complementation (LUC) assays both verified a physical interaction between CmELF4\u2010LIKE 3 and CmPIF7, a key component of the light signaling pathway. Quantitative real\u2010time PCR (qRT\u2010PCR) analysis revealed significant changes in the expression of downstream flowering\u2010related genes\n                    <jats:italic>CmCOL5<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>CmCO<\/jats:italic>\n                    in CmELF4\u2010LIKE 3 transgenic lines. Additionally, tobacco transient LUC assays demonstrated that\n                    <jats:italic>CmPIF7<\/jats:italic>\n                    activates the\n                    <jats:italic>CmCOL5<\/jats:italic>\n                    promoter. In summary, this study established that CmELF4\u2010LIKE 3 interacts with CmPIF7 to cooperatively regulate short\u2010day\u2010induced flowering in chrysanthemum. These findings not only provide key genetic resources for precise flowering time manipulation in chrysanthemum, but also offer new insights into the crosstalk between the circadian clock and light signaling pathways in plants.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.71085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T12:12:04Z","timestamp":1787659924000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<scp>CmELF4<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>LIKE<\/scp>\n                    3 Interacts With\n                    <scp>CmPIF7<\/scp>\n                    to Regulate Short\u2010Day\u2010Induced Flowering in Chrysanthemum"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"178","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4386-4181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanwan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of 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