{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T18:08:41Z","timestamp":1791137321768,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014517","name":"Louisiana Biomedical Research Network","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014517","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiologia Plantarum"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Soil alkalinity severely limits legume growth, but the role of\n \n Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n in alkaline stress tolerance remains unclear in garden pea. We found that multiple garden pea genotypes inoculated with\n \n B. subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n under alkaline stress showed host\u2010specific improvements in growth parameters. Mechanistic analysis conducted on Sugar Snap showed improved nodulation, mineral status, and leaf photosystem efficiency, while split\u2010root assays showed responses consistent with systemic effects of\n \n B. subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n in alkaline tolerance. Further, FeEDDHA partially reduced alkaline stress symptoms but did not fully restore nodulation. In contrast,\n \n B. subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n increased rhizosphere Fe\u2010chelating activity and improved nodulation, leading to stronger symbiotic recovery than inorganic Fe alone. This suggests that factors associated with\n \n B. subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n inoculation, beyond Fe availability alone, may contribute to the observed recovery of nodulation. This is further supported by in\u00a0vitro co\u2010culture experiments showing enhanced growth of\n \n R. leguminosarum<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n in the presence of\n \n B. subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n under alkaline conditions, indicating potential microbial compatibility for coping with stress. RNA\u2010seq analysis identified 958 upregulated and 1134 downregulated genes in roots inoculated with\n \n B. subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n under alkaline conditions. The upregulated genes were mostly involved in the sugar\u2010mediated symbiotic association (\n SWEET<\/jats:italic>\n and\n GLUT<\/jats:italic>\n ), pH homeostasis (\n cation\/H+ exchanger<\/jats:italic>\n and\n ATPase<\/jats:italic>\n ), and nutrient assimilation (\n ammonium transporter<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Zn\/Fe permease<\/jats:italic>\n ). Microbial community analysis revealed that\n \n B. subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n significantly altered bacterial alpha diversity under alkaline stress, whereas fungal alpha diversity remained unaffected. Further,\n \n B. subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n reshaped the rhizosphere microbial community and enriched taxa such as\n Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Pseudorhizobium<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n Chaetomium<\/jats:italic>\n , which were potentially associated with responses to alkaline stress. Taken together, microbial interventions such as\n \n B. subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n offer an effective strategy to boost legume tolerance to alkaline soils.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.71102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:01:07Z","timestamp":1788825667000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Bacillus subtilis<\/i>\n Reprograms the Host Transcriptome and Rhizosphere Microbiome in Garden Pea With Effects Consistent With Systemic Responses to Alkaline Stress"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"178","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6893-9418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad H.","family":"Kabir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Lamar University Beaumont Texas USA"},{"name":"School of Sciences University of Louisiana at Monroe Louisiana Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asha","family":"Thapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evolution, Behavior and Ecology Program, Department of Biology Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md Rokibul","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sciences University of Louisiana at Monroe Louisiana Louisiana USA"},{"name":"Department of Crop and Soil Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4259-2361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad G.","family":"Mostofa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.875774","article-title":"Plant Growth\u2010Promoting Rhizobacteria Eliminate the Effect of Drought Stress in Plants: A Review","volume":"13","author":"Ahmad H. 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