{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T06:08:41Z","timestamp":1789106921592,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiologia Plantarum"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n The 14\u20103\u20103 family proteins are involved in plant metabolism and stress signal transduction, while whether and how they contribute to the enhancement of host drought tolerance by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the 14\u20103\u20103 gene family (\n GRF<\/jats:italic>\n ) in trifoliate orange (\n \n Poncirus trifoliata<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and analyze their responses in roots to drought and inoculation with the AM fungus\n Funneliformis mosseae<\/jats:italic>\n , integrating molecular data with physiological assessments. Despite drought\u2010inhibited AM fungal colonization and soil mycelium length, AM inoculation markedly increased plant biomass, root growth, soluble sugars, antioxidant enzyme activities, and phytohormone levels under drought. Fifteen\n PtGRF<\/jats:italic>\n members were identified with variable gene structures and abscisic acid\/stress\u2010related promoter elements. Drought stress predominantly suppressed the expression of most\n PtGRF<\/jats:italic>\n genes in non\u2010AM plants, while it triggered the upregulation of a specific subset (\n PtGRF3, 6, 9, 13, 14<\/jats:italic>\n ) in AM plants. Inoculation with AM fungi under drought conditions dramatically modulated the host's transcriptional response, significantly upregulating 10 of the 13 detected\n PtGRFs<\/jats:italic>\n , most notably\n PtGRF13<\/jats:italic>\n . Principal component and correlation analyses delineated distinct functional associations among\n PtGRF<\/jats:italic>\n members:\n PtGRF1<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n PtGRF2<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n PtGRF5<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n PtGRF15<\/jats:italic>\n were closely linked to soluble sugar accumulation and antioxidant defense, while\n PtGRF3<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n PtGRF6<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n PtGRF8<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n PtGRF9<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n PtGRF13<\/jats:italic>\n showed stronger integration with abscisic acid and isopentenyl adenine. In summary, inoculation with AM fungi enhanced drought tolerance in trifoliate orange by modulating the expression of drought\u2010responsive specific\n PtGRF<\/jats:italic>\n genes, which functioned as integrated signaling modules to coordinate sugars, antioxidant defense, and abscisic acid levels.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.71110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T05:43:07Z","timestamp":1789105387000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Funneliformis mosseae<\/i>\n Modulates Root 14\u20103\u20103 Gene Expression to Enhance Drought Tolerance in Trifoliate Orange: A Molecular\u2010Physiological Integration"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"178","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7549-7721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng\u2010Ling","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Spices & Horticultural Plant Germplasm Innovation & Utilization College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University Jingzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke\u2010Xing","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Spices & Horticultural Plant Germplasm Innovation & Utilization College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University Jingzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Spices & Horticultural Plant Germplasm Innovation & Utilization College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University Jingzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2607-2689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying\u2010Ning","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Spices & Horticultural Plant Germplasm Innovation & Utilization College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University Jingzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3405-8409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiang\u2010Sheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Spices & Horticultural Plant Germplasm Innovation & Utilization College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University Jingzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing\u2010Ping","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food and Biology, Jingchu University of Technology Jingmen China"},{"name":"Hubei Engineering Research Center for Specialty Flowers Biological Breeding Jingchu University of Technology Jingmen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0043-0847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mashael Daghash","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4808","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erad249","article-title":"The Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Improving Plant Water Status Under Drought","volume":"74","author":"Abdalla M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Botany"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","article-title":"Zn Fertilizer and Mycorrhizal Inoculation Effect on Bread Wheat Cultivar Grown Under Water Deficit","volume":"13","author":"Abdi N.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s11540-019-09440-1","article-title":"Antioxidant Enzyme Responses in Potato (\n Solanum tuberosum\n ) Cultivars Colonized With Arbuscular Mycorrhizas","volume":"63","author":"Adavi Z.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Potato Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","article-title":"Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Enhance Biomass Growth, Mineral Content, and Antioxidant Activity in Tomato Plants Under Drought Stress","volume":"2023","author":"Alam M. 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