{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T15:36:31Z","timestamp":1793201791573,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000980","name":"Grains Research and Development Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000980","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiologia Plantarum"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Scald, caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Rhynchosporium secalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , can reduce grain yield by up to 40% in susceptible cultivars. To investigate physiological and molecular responses associated with scald resistance in barley, we compared a susceptible cultivar, Atlantis, with a resistant cultivar, Yangsimai 3, under uninoculated control and\n                    <jats:italic>R. secalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010inoculated conditions. Relative to the uninoculated control, Atlantis showed significant reductions in shoot and root length (20.6% and 22.9%), shoot and root dry weight (27.7% and 28.3%), SPAD value (30.9%) and chlorophyll fluorescence (10.8%), whereas Yangsimai 3 showed smaller changes. Under\n                    <jats:italic>R. secalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    inoculation, Yangsimai 3 showed lower stomatal conductance and smaller stomatal pore size, more stable K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    contents, lower malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) levels and higher superoxide dismutase (SOD, ~32%), peroxidase (POD, ~41%) and catalase (CAT, ~31%) activities, indicating stronger antioxidant capacity. qRT\u2010PCR analysis further showed generally enhanced gene expression in inoculated Yangsimai 3 involving Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    signalling (\n                    <jats:italic>HvCAM1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>HvCAM24<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>HvCDPK3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    transport (\n                    <jats:italic>HvHAK1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>HvGORK<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), antioxidant defence (\n                    <jats:italic>HvCDS1, HvSOD2<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>HvCAT1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), phytohormone signalling (\n                    <jats:italic>HvAOC, HvLOX2<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>HvJIP60<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), stomatal regulation (\n                    <jats:italic>HvOST1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>HvSLAC1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and MAPK\u2010mediated immune signalling (\n                    <jats:italic>HvMPK3<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>HvMPK14<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), whereas reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was more strongly induced in Atlantis. These results suggest that scald resistance in Yangsimai 3 is associated with stomatal regulation, ion homeostasis, antioxidant defence and defence\u2010related gene expression.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.71117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:05:36Z","timestamp":1789949136000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stomatal Morphology, Leaf Nutrients and Molecular Adaptations Are Associated With Scald Resistance in Barley"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"178","author":[{"given":"Usman","family":"Ijaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania  Launceston Tasmania Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4564-7241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad 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