{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:06:11Z","timestamp":1790139971538,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiologia Plantarum"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Genome\u2010wide association studies (GWAS) aim to identify loci associated with different traits, which could be evaluated in subsequent studies and later be prioritized in individual and seed stand selection. In trees, traits are measured at maturity or are only available after a long time, and juvenile\u2010mature correlations are often unknown. Therefore, it is a promising approach to study natural populations directly. Data were collected from approximately 100 adult beech trees per stand in five locations in the Post\u0103varul Massif, South\u2010Eastern Romanian Carpathians (Carpa\u021bii de Curbur\u0103) along an altitudinal gradient associated with precipitation and temperature. We performed GWAS on 610,678 single\u2010nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using PLINK and Genome\u2010wide Efficient Mixed Model Association (GEMMA) to identify SNP markers associated with drought\u2010stress\u2010related traits. Even though this study used a natural population, we found very interesting associations while accounting for environmental heterogeneity along the altitudinal gradient. A total of 88 markers were associated with stomatal density. Seventy\u2010two markers are located on chromosome 10 in a region spreading from ~5.48 to 13.67\u2009Mb. We found five gene annotations in this region that are thought to play a role in controlling stomatal density in\n                    <jats:italic>Arabidopsis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . All markers within this region exhibit similar allele frequencies, which indicate a connection to stomatal density and the altitudinal gradient. This entire region may be under joint selection for stomatal features. Our research provides insights into the genetic architecture of various drought\u2010stress traits in the studied population.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.71120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T04:25:23Z","timestamp":1790137523000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genome\u2010Wide Association Study in European Beech (\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Fagus\u00a0sylvatica<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    L.) for Drought Stress Related Traits"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"178","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3460-5994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mila","family":"Tost","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plant Breeding Methodology University of G\u00f6ttingen  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"},{"name":"Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, University of G\u00f6ttingen  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"},{"name":"Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), University of G\u00f6ttingen  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2994-0643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ourania","family":"Grigoriadou\u2010Zormpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, University of G\u00f6ttingen  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"},{"name":"Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), University of G\u00f6ttingen  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7640-6523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selina","family":"Wilhelmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, University of G\u00f6ttingen  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"},{"name":"Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), University of G\u00f6ttingen  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Beissinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plant Breeding Methodology University of G\u00f6ttingen  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"},{"name":"Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), University of G\u00f6ttingen  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"},{"name":"Heritable Agriculture  Mountain View California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8098-8984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehdi Ben","family":"Targem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Resource Management HAWK  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9990-0719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, University of G\u00f6ttingen  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"},{"name":"Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), University of G\u00f6ttingen  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4970-8539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henning","family":"Wildhagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Resource Management HAWK  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8509-279X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandru Lucian","family":"Curtu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Silviculture Transilvania University of Brasov  Brasov Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4572-2408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver","family":"Gailing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, University of G\u00f6ttingen  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"},{"name":"Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), University of G\u00f6ttingen  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2772","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.13082","article-title":"How Does Con\u2010Temporary Selection Shape Oak Phenotypes?","volume":"13","author":"Alexandre H.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evolutionary Applications"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0341-8162(00)00105-3","article-title":"Holocene Development of Soils in Response to Environmental Changes: The Novosvobodnaya Archaeological Site, North Caucasus","volume":"41","author":"Alexandrovskiy A. L.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Catena"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1007\/s10113-019-01472-0","article-title":"Regional Adaptation of European Beech (Fagus Syl\u2010Vatica) to Drought in Central European Conditions Considering Environmental Suitability and Economic Implica\u2010Tions","volume":"19","author":"Baumbach L.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Regional Environmental Change"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.118.300857","article-title":"A Simple Test Identifies Selection on Complex Traits","volume":"209","author":"Beissinger T.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004412","article-title":"A Population Genetic Signal of Polygenic Adaptation","volume":"10","author":"Berg J. J.","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Genetics"},{"issue":"225","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Impact of Stomatal Density and Morphology on Water\u2010Use Efficiency in a Changing World","volume":"10","author":"Bertolino L. T.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Plant Science"},{"issue":"33","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2205305119","article-title":"Natural Variation Identifies New Effectors of Water\u2010Use Efficiency in Arabidopsis","volume":"119","author":"Bhaskara G. B.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.09.016","article-title":"BONZAI Proteins Control Global Osmotic Stress Responses in Plants","volume":"30","author":"Chen K.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"issue":"926535","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Strategies of Tree Species to Adapt to Drought From Leaf Stomatal Regulation and Stem Embolism Resistance to Root Properties","volume":"13","author":"Chen Z.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Plant Science"},{"issue":"545748","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Genome\u2010Wide Association Study of Wood Anatomical and Morphological Traits in \n                     Populus trichocarpa","volume":"11","author":"Chhetri H. B.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Plant Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.4161\/fly.19695","article-title":"A Program for Annotating and Predicting the Effects of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, SnpEff: SNPs in the Genome of \n                     Drosophila melanogaster\n                   Strain w1118; Iso\u20102; Iso\u20103","volume":"6","author":"Cingolani P.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fly"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"Climate Data Store (CDS).2024.\u201cCopernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) European Centre for Medium\u2010Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF).\u201dhttps:\/\/cds.climate.copernicus.eu\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.583323","article-title":"Modern Strategies to Assess and Breed Forest Tree Adaptation to Changing Climate","volume":"11","author":"Cort\u00e9s A. J.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Plant Science"},{"issue":"3167","key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recent Updates on ALMT Transporters' Physiology, Regulation, and Molecular Evolution in Plants","volume":"12","author":"Dabravolski S. A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr330","article-title":"The Variant Call Format and VCFtools","volume":"27","author":"Danecek P.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.15592","article-title":"Genome\u2010Wide Association Identifies Candidate Genes for Drought Tolerance in Coast Redwood and Giant Sequoia","volume":"109","author":"De La Torre A. R.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.3835\/plantgenome2011.08.0024","article-title":"Ridge Regression and Other Kernels for Genomic Selection With R Package rrBLUP","volume":"4","author":"Endelman J. B.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Genome"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"399","article-title":"XV.\u2014The Correlation Between Relatives on the Supposition of Mendelian Inheritance","volume":"52","author":"Fisher R. A.","year":"1918","journal-title":"Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-8137.2003.00782.x","article-title":"Carbon Isotope Composition of Various Tissues of Beech (\n                     Fagus sylvatica\n                  ) Regeneration Is Indicative of Recent Environmental Conditions Within the Forest Understorey","volume":"159","author":"Fotelli M. N.","year":"2003","journal-title":"New Phytologist"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.06.039","article-title":"MYB\u2010Related Transcription Factors Control Chloroplast Biogenesis","volume":"187","author":"Frangedakis E.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.2009.002031.x","article-title":"Plasticity in Maximum Stomatal Conductance Constrained by Negative Correlation Between Stomatal Size and Density: An Analysis Using \n                     Eucalyptus globulus","volume":"32","author":"Franks P. J.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plant, Cell and Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2008.01621.x","article-title":"Quantitative Trait Loci Affecting Stomatal Density and Growth in a \n                     Quercus robur\n                   Progeny: Implications for the Adaptation to Changing Environments","volume":"14","author":"Gailing O.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Global Change Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","unstructured":"Garrison E. andG.Marth.2012.\u201cHaplotype\u2010Based Variant Detection From Short\u2010Read Sequencing.\u201darXiv [Preprint]. Accessed 21 October 2025.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.1207.3907."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.14340"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","first-page":"2304","article-title":"Opposing Effects on Two Phases of Defense Responses From Concerted Actions of HEAT SHOCK COGNATE70 and BONZAI1 in Arabidopsis","volume":"169","author":"Gou M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1038\/s41437-025-00776-8","article-title":"Genetic Diversity and Fine\u2010Scale Spatial Genetic Structure of European Beech Populations Along an Elevational Gradient","volume":"134","author":"Grigoriadou\u2010Zormpa O.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11295-016-1073-0","article-title":"Estimation of Number and Size of QTL Effects in Forest Tree Traits","volume":"12","author":"Hall D.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tree Genetics and Genomes"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4959","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/ers177","article-title":"Drought Induces Alterations in the Stomatal Development Program in Populus","volume":"63","author":"Hamanishi E. T.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Botany"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-arplant-102820-012804","article-title":"Climate Change Risks to Global Forest Health: Emergence of Unexpected Events of Elevated Tree Mortality Worldwide","volume":"73","author":"Hartmann H.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annual Review of Plant Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","first-page":"94","volume-title":"European Atlas of Forest Tree Species","author":"Houston Durrant T.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/forestry\/cpac027","article-title":"Differential Associations Between Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Physiological Traits in Norway Spruce (Picea Abieskarst) Plants Under Contrasting Water Regimes","author":"Hrivn\u00e1k M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","unstructured":"IGA Technology Services Srl. n.d.\u201cUdine Italy.\u201dhttps:\/\/igatechnology.com\/."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2010.03593.x","article-title":"Association Genetics of Complex Traits in Plants","volume":"189","author":"Ingvarsson P. K.","year":"2011","journal-title":"New Phytologist"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2005.01424.x","article-title":"Genetic Architecture of Qualitative and Quantitative Melampsora Larici\u2010Populina Leaf Rust Resistance in Hybrid Poplar: Genetic Mapping and Qtl Detection","volume":"167","author":"Jorge V.","year":"2005","journal-title":"New Phytologist"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.3715","article-title":"Toward Understanding the Origin and Evolution of Cellular Organisms","volume":"28","author":"Kanehisa M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Protein Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D672","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae909","article-title":"KEGG: Biological Systems Database as a Model of the Real World","volume":"53","author":"Kanehisa M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.27","article-title":"KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes","volume":"28","author":"Kanehisa M.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.2307\/1218596","article-title":"Two Hundred Years Genecology","volume":"20","author":"Langlet O.","year":"1971","journal-title":"Taxon"},{"issue":"8553","key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Genomic Variation of European Beech Reveals Signals of Local Adaptation Despite High Levels of Phenotypic Plasticity","volume":"15","author":"Lazic D.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp324","article-title":"Fast and Accurate Short Read Alignment With Burrows\u2010Wheeler Transform","volume":"25","author":"Li H.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.14471","article-title":"Leaf Physiology Variations Are Modulated by Natural Variations That Underlie Stomatal Morphology in Populus","volume":"46","author":"Li L.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant, Cell & Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19826","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1005689107","article-title":"In Vivo Protein Stabilization Based on Fragment Complementation and a Split GFP System","volume":"107","author":"Lindman S.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/g3journal\/jkac319","article-title":"Ghat: An R Package for Identifying Adaptive Polygenic Traits","volume":"13","author":"Mahmoud M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics"},{"issue":"163","key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Climate\u2010Change\u2010Driven Growth Decline of European Beech Forests","volume":"5","author":"Martinez del Castillo E.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Communications Biology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.15911","article-title":"A Role for Speechless in the Integration of Leaf Stomatal Patterning With the Growth vs Disease Trade\u2010Off in Poplar","volume":"223","author":"McKown A. D.","year":"2019","journal-title":"New Phytologist"},{"issue":"691058","key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A Chromosome\u2010Level Genome Assembly of the European Beech (\n                     Fagus sylvatica\n                  ) Reveals Anomalies for Organelle DNA Integration, Repeat Content and Distribution of SNPs","volume":"12","author":"Mishra B.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122\u2010021\u201003882\u20103"},{"issue":"14334","key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A Genome\u2010Wide Genetic Association Study Reveals SNPs Significantly Associated With Environmental Variables and Specific Leaf Area in European Beech","volume":"176","author":"M\u00fcller M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Physiologia Plantarum"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","unstructured":"National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).2025.\u201cBethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US) National Center for Biotechnology Information.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2931","article-title":"Forest Tree Genomics: Growing Resources and Applications","volume":"12","author":"Neale D. B.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pct145","article-title":"New Approaches to the Biology of Stomatal Guard Cells","volume":"55","author":"Negi J.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Cell Physiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","first-page":"2677","article-title":"Discovery of a Unique Clp Component, ClpF, in Chloroplasts: A Proposed Binary ClpF\u2010ClpS1 Adaptor Complex Functions in Substrate Recognition and Delivery","volume":"27","author":"Nishimura K.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"issue":"32","key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)47760-5","article-title":"Inter\u2010 and Intramolecular Disulfide Bond Formation and Related Structural Changes in the Lens Proteins. A Raman Spectroscopic Study in Vivo of Lens Aging","volume":"262","author":"Ozaki Y.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20160027","article-title":"The Varied Functions of Aluminium\u2010Activated Malate Transporters\u2010Much More Than Aluminium Resistance","volume":"44","author":"Palmer A. J.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochemical Society Transactions"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.65532","article-title":"Genomic Basis for Drought Resistance in European Beech Forests Threatened by Climate Change","volume":"10","author":"Pfenninger M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"eLife"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1438-8677.2009.00305.x","article-title":"The Role of Abscisic Acid and Auxin in the Response of Poplar to Abiotic Stress","volume":"12","author":"Popko J.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plant Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1086\/519795","article-title":"PLINK: A Tool Set for Whole\u2010Genome Association and Population\u2010Based Linkage Analyses","volume":"81","author":"Purcell S.","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Human Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-003-1209-4","article-title":"Differential Response of delta13C and Water Use Efficiency to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Infection in Two Aridland Woody Plant Species","volume":"135","author":"Querejeta J. I.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","unstructured":"R Core Team.2025.\u201cR: A Language and Environment for Statistical.\u201dhttps:\/\/CRAN.R\u2010project.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4348","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.13322","article-title":"A Practical Guide to Environmental Association Analysis in Landscape Genomics","volume":"24","author":"Rellstab C.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Molecular Ecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1093\/treephys\/tpz032","article-title":"Beyond the Extreme: Recovery of Carbon and Water Relations in Woody Plants Following Heat and Drought Stress","volume":"39","author":"Ruehr N. K.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tree Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcz054","article-title":"Single Primer Enrichment Technology as a Tool for Massive Genotyping: A Benchmark on Black Poplar and Maize","volume":"124","author":"Scaglione D.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annals of Botany"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1086\/502802","article-title":"A Fast and Flexible Statistical Model for Large\u2010Scale Population Genotype Data: Applications to Inferring Missing Genotypes and Haplotypic Phase","volume":"78","author":"Scheet P.","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Human Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","first-page":"1415","article-title":"Arabidopsis Aspartic Protease ASPG1 Affects Seed Dormancy, Seed Longevity and Seed Germination","volume":"59","author":"Shen W.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Cell Physiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"LDheatmap: An R Function for Graphical Display of Pairwise Linkage Disequilibria Between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms","volume":"16","author":"Shin J. H.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.2010.91","article-title":"Overview of Techniques to Account for Confounding due to Population Stratification and Cryptic Relatedness in Genomic Data Association Analyses","volume":"106","author":"Sillanp\u00e4\u00e4 M. J.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D609","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae1010","article-title":"UniProt: the Universal Protein Knowledgebase in 2025","volume":"53","author":"The UniProt Consortium (UniProt)","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1111\/plb.70129","article-title":"Assessing the Adaptative Potential of European Beech Populations to Temperature and Precipitation Along a Steep Environmental Gradient in the South\u2010Eastern Carpathians","volume":"28","author":"Tost M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Biology Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2017.06.005","article-title":"10\u2009Years of GWAS Discovery: Biology, Function, and Translation","volume":"101","author":"Visscher P. M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Journal of Human Genetics"},{"issue":"135016","key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Aspartic Proteases Gene Family: Identification and Expression Profiles During Stem Vascular Development in Tobacco","volume":"279","author":"Wang B.","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","first-page":"1358","article-title":"Estimating F\u2010Statistics for the Analysis of Population Structure","volume":"38","author":"Weir B. S.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0231(19990715)13:13<1237::AID-RCM633>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"ConFlo III \u2010 An Interface for High Precision \u03b413C and \u03b415N Analysis With an Extended Dynamic Range","volume":"13","author":"Werner R. A.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/16.2.97","article-title":"Evolution in Mendelian Populations","volume":"16","author":"Wright S.","year":"1931","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.823","article-title":"Genome Partitioning of Genetic Variation for Complex Traits Using Common Snps","volume":"43","author":"Yang J.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2579","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/err433","article-title":"Overexpression of the Aspartic Protease ASPG1 Gene Confers Drought Avoidance in Arabidopsis","volume":"63","author":"Yao X.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Botany"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Morphological and Genetic Variation in Natural Populations of Quercus vulcanica and \n                     Q. frainetto","volume":"307","author":"Y\u00fcceda\u011f C.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Systematics and Evolution"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0101-4","article-title":"Signatures of Negative Selection in the Genetic Architecture of Human Complex Traits","volume":"50","author":"Zeng J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3326","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts606","article-title":"A High\u2010Performance Computing Toolset for Relatedness and Principal Component Analysis of SNP Data","volume":"28","author":"Zheng X.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2848","article-title":"Efficient Multivariate Linear Mixed Model Algorithms for Genome\u2010Wide Association Studies","volume":"11","author":"Zhou X.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature Methods"}],"container-title":["Physiologia Plantarum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ppl.71120","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ppl.71120","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ppl.71120","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T04:25:38Z","timestamp":1790137538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ppl.71120"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ppl.71120"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ppl.71120","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9317","1399-3054"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9317","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3054","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71120"}}