{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T09:06:02Z","timestamp":1790067962592,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiologia Plantarum"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Excess copper (Cu) causes significant abiotic stress and toxicity in plants, severely inhibiting the growth of apples. Dopamine (DA) and its key synthesis enzyme, tyrosine decarboxylase (\n                    <jats:italic>TyDC<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), are known to play vital roles in alleviating various abiotic stresses; yet, their function in plant heavy metal detoxification is not well understood. To bridge this gap and explore novel strategies for preventing heavy metal pollution in orchards, this study employed seedlings of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Malus hupehensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>MdTyDC<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010overexpressing apple plants as experimental materials. A pot experiment was conducted under controlled greenhouse conditions for 45\u2009days, in which the soil was irrigated with CuSO\u2084 solution at concentrations of 0 and 500\u2009\u03bcmol\u2009l\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and treated with 100\u2009\u03bcmol\u2009l\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    of DA. The results showed that exogenous DA and\n                    <jats:italic>MdTyDC<\/jats:italic>\n                    significantly enhanced plant tolerance to Cu stress and alleviated the inhibition of plant growth and root development caused by Cu stress, improved photosynthetic efficiency, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity, and reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation. In addition, DA treatment significantly reduced the accumulation of Cu in both the roots and leaves of apple plants, upregulated endogenous hormone levels and free amino acid content. Furthermore, exogenous DA and\n                    <jats:italic>MdTyDC<\/jats:italic>\n                    overexpression enhanced apple adaptation to Cu stress by regulating the expression of multiple genes involved in Cu uptake, transport, and detoxification. In conclusion, exogenous DA and\n                    <jats:italic>MdTyDC<\/jats:italic>\n                    overexpression can effectively mitigate the adverse effects of Cu stress on apple plants, providing a novel solution for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in orchards.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.71122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T08:37:04Z","timestamp":1790066224000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exogenous Dopamine and\n                    <scp>MdTyDC<\/scp>\n                    Overexpression Enhance Copper Stress Resistance in Apple"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"178","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9711-888X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongwen","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shijiazhuang Institute of Pomology, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuewen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High\u2010Efficiency Production\/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture Northwest A &amp; F University  Yangling China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojian","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shijiazhuang Institute of Pomology, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shijiazhuang Institute of Pomology, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumiao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shijiazhuang Institute of Pomology, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizhe","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shijiazhuang Institute of Pomology, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3890-2125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fengwang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High\u2010Efficiency Production\/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture Northwest A &amp; F University  Yangling China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6380-862X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High\u2010Efficiency Production\/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture Northwest A &amp; F University  Yangling China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9304-9409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhijun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High\u2010Efficiency Production\/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture Northwest A &amp; F University  Yangling China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2022.111506","article-title":"Dopamine\u2010Induced Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Horticultural Plants","volume":"307","author":"Ahammed G.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scientia Horticulturae"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.125949","article-title":"Hydrogen Peroxide Signaling Mediates Dopamine\u2010Induced Chromium Stress Tolerance in Tomato","volume":"371","author":"Ahammed G.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2023.01.060","article-title":"Diversity and Expression Analysis of ZIP Transporters and Associated Metabolites Under Zinc and Iron Stress in Capsicum","volume":"196","author":"Ahmad I.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2025.112795","article-title":"Copper Homeostasis: Crosstalk With Plant Secondary Metabolism and Stress Responses","volume":"362","author":"Akhtar M. 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