{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T02:02:39Z","timestamp":1790042559509,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32361143786"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32361143786"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32370387"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32370387"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiologia Plantarum"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Saline\u2010alkali stress severely impairs plant growth by disrupting osmotic balance, inducing oxidative damage, and suppressing metabolic processes. This study investigates the efficacy of biostimulants including\n Trametes odorata<\/jats:italic>\n extract (TOE), camphor, and xanthine, in mitigating Na\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n CO\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n \u2010induced stress in wheat plants. Wheat (\n \n Triticum aestivum<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n cv. Sakha 95) was grown under controlled conditions, with saline\u2010alkali stress (100\u2009mM Na\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n CO\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n ) and weekly foliar treatments applied. After 60\u2009days, comprehensive growth, biochemical, and molecular assessments were conducted. TOE exhibited a rich phytochemical profile, with soluble carbohydrates and alkaloids as major constituents in addition to high nitrogen and essential micronutrients, alongside significant antioxidant capacity. Na\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n CO\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n stress reduced plant height, shoot water content, and photosynthetic pigments. Biostimulant applications reversed these effects, with TOE restoring Chl\n a<\/jats:italic>\n and\n b<\/jats:italic>\n , and xanthine enhancing carotenoids. Na\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n CO\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n stress increased osmolytes (amino acids, proline, glycine betaine) but decreased soluble proteins. Biostimulants regulated these levels, with xanthine restoring soluble proteins to near\u2010control values. Oxidative stress markers (H\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , and MDA) were relieved by all biostimulants, with xanthine most effective in decreasing MDA. Antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, APX) and stress\u2010responsive gene expression (SOD, and CAT) were elevated under stress but differentially modulated by biostimulants, with TOE restoring homeostasis, while xanthine further enhanced MAPK and BADH expressions. TOE acted via ROS scavenging and nutrition, camphor boosted glutathione defense, while xanthine was associated with upregulated MAPK expression and enhanced flavonoid biosynthesis. Collectively, TOE, camphor, and xanthine effectively alleviated saline\u2010alkali stress by enhancing antioxidant defenses, osmotic regulation, and photosynthetic efficiency, demonstrating their potential as sustainable crop stress mitigators.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.71124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T01:16:35Z","timestamp":1790039795000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Foliar Application of Biostimulants Reprograms Antioxidants and Molecular Networks of Wheat Plants Grown in Saline\u2010Alkali Environments"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"178","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5406-1031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gehad A.","family":"Ragab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Botany Department, Faculty of Science Tanta University Tanta Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1679-5656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khalil M.","family":"Saad\u2010Allah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botany Department, Faculty of Science Tanta University Tanta Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0086-0091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghalia S.","family":"Aljeddani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Science University of Jeddah Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1815-4254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ameina S.","family":"ALmoshadak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9747-9974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wessam F.","family":"Felemban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Immunology Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6191-7166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanan K.","family":"Anazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science University of Tabuk Tabuk Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3622-7970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuhao","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food and Biological Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3798-4060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinjuan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food and Biological Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0736-1143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doaa E.","family":"Elsherif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botany Department, Faculty of Science Tanta University Tanta Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2017.04.017","article-title":"Salinity Stress Induced Alterations in Antioxidant Metabolism and Nitrogen Assimilation in Wheat (\n Triticum aestivum\n L) as Influenced by Potassium Supplementation","volume":"115","author":"Ahanger M. 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