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Recurrent drought can induce an acquired \u201cwater stress memory\u201d (priming), altering a genotype's response to future stress. We investigated whether drought responses in grapevine progenies are more shaped by genetic background or environmental history. Primed (NI) and non\u2010primed (FI) progenies of two varieties: Trincadeira (isohydric) and Castel\u00e3o (anisohydric) were exposed to well\u2010watered (WW) and water stress (WS) conditions, followed by recovery. Over 2\u2009weeks, we monitored plant water status, canopy growth, biomass, transpiration, hydraulic conductance, leaf gas\u2010exchange, stomatal conductance kinetics, chlorophyll and wax content, and leaf temperature. Water stress increased root area only in FI progenies, whereas in NI progenies, fine root proliferation was more linked to past stress than to immediate water stress. Drought memory shifted NI plants towards a less conservative water\u2010use strategy, with reduced water\u2010use efficiency, higher stomatal conductance, and increased transpiration. In Trincadeira, priming enhanced circadian stomatal control, maximizing daytime opening and nighttime closure, while in Castel\u00e3o it increased stomatal sensitivity to vapor pressure deficit. Leaf temperature differences between genetic backgrounds emerged earlier than stomatal conductance changes. Photosynthesis decline under WS was greater in FI than NI progenies, and primed plants recovered faster, indicating a compensatory recovery effect. Our results demonstrate that drought memory shifts plants towards a less conservative water\u2010use strategy while ensuring photosynthetic capacity, confirming that long\u2010term water stress induces a background memory in grapevine, which is transmitted across vegetatively propagated generations and enhances progeny responses to drought.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.71130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:24:50Z","timestamp":1790641490000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long\u2010Term Irrigation History Provides Evidence for Drought Memory in Clonally Propagated Grapevines During Water Deficit and Recovery"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"178","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3483-6646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"de Deus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INIAV \u2013 Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria I.P., Polo de Inova\u00e7\u00e3o de Dois Portos  Dois Portos Portugal"},{"name":"LEAF \u2013 Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Centre, School of Agriculture University of Lisbon  Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6566-9897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Dam\u00e1sio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INIAV \u2013 Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria I.P., Polo de Inova\u00e7\u00e3o de Dois Portos  Dois Portos Portugal"},{"name":"GI\u20101716 Projects and Planification, Agroforestry Engineering Department, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Lugo University of Santiago de Compostela  Lugo Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9704-6579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEF \u2013 Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture University of Lisbon  Lisboa Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture University of Lisbon  Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9054-5108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Silvestre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INIAV \u2013 Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria I.P., Polo de Inova\u00e7\u00e3o de Dois Portos  Dois Portos Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7858-8567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEAF \u2013 Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Centre, School of Agriculture University of Lisbon  Lisboa Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture University of Lisbon  Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4115-4781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olfa","family":"Zarrouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEAF \u2013 Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Centre, School of Agriculture University of Lisbon  Lisboa Portugal"},{"name":"School of Agriculture Santar\u00e9m Polytechnic University  Santar\u00e9m Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS) Santar\u00e9m Polytechnic University  Santar\u00e9m Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2025.1541523"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/treephys\/tpad053"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Les Stades Rep\u00e8res Dans le D\u00e9veloppement Annuel de la Vigne et Leur Utilisation Pratique","volume":"8","author":"Baggiolini M.","year":"1952","journal-title":"Revue Romande D'agriculture et de Viticulture"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2007.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","volume-title":"Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. 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