{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T14:53:53Z","timestamp":1791384833907,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":36,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ORF\u20102026\u2010154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ORF\u20102026\u2010154"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiologia Plantarum"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Mercury (Hg) contamination impairs crop productivity by disrupting photosynthesis, inducing oxidative stress, and increasing Hg accumulation in plant tissues. Sustainable strategies for mitigating Hg phytotoxicity in agriculturally important crops remain needed. This study evaluated the combined effects of a Hg\u2010tolerant plant growth\u2010promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR),\n                    <jats:italic>Microbacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. PGPB\u20103 strain, nitric oxide (NO), and silver nanoparticles (Ag\u2010NPs) on Hg\u2010stressed wheat. Wheat plants exposed to increasing Hg concentrations were treated individually or with combinations of PGPB\u20103 strain, NO, Ag\u2010NPs, and their growth, photosynthetic performance, oxidative stress, antioxidant defense, and Hg accumulation were assessed. The Hg stress markedly reduced wheat growth, biomass, and photosynthetic efficiency while increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and oxidative damage. Under 25\u2009mg Hg kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    soil, the combined treatment improved root length (33.3%), root biomass (67.5%), carotenoid content (36.7%), and effective quantum yield of photosystem II (\u03a6PSII; 25%) relative to Hg\u2010stressed plants. Antioxidant enzyme activities were highest under the PGPB\u20103\u2009+\u2009NO + Ag\u2010NPs treatment. This treatment\u00a0also reduced Hg accumulation by 81% and strongly restricted Hg translocation to shoots, while improving the tolerance index (TI) by 25%. Overall, combined application of\n                    <jats:italic>Microbacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. PGPB\u20103, NO, and Ag\u2010NPs alleviates Hg toxicity by enhancing antioxidant defenses, reducing oxidative damage, and restricting Hg uptake and translocation. These findings highlight the potential of an integrated microbial\u2013chemical\u2013nanomaterial approach for improving wheat resilience under Hg stress.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.71133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T14:09:11Z","timestamp":1791382151000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Microbacterium<\/i>\n                    <scp>sp<\/scp>\n                    .\u2010Nitric Oxide\u2010Ag\u2010\n                    <scp>NPs<\/scp>\n                    Alleviate Mercury Toxicity in Wheat by regulating Redox Homeostasis and Restricting Hg Uptake and Translocation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"178","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2443-9451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Shahid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Marwadi University Research Center, Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Science Marwadi University  Rajkot Gujrat India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Abul","family":"Farah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, College of Science King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Temoor","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Biotechnology Korea University  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid Mashay","family":"Al\u2010Anazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, College of Science King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonard","family":"Koolman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for AMR &amp; One Health Research, School of Biological, Health &amp; Sports Science Technological University Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3335","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-022-01388-y","article-title":"Proteomics of Mercury\u2010Induced Responses and Resilience in Plants: A Review","volume":"20","author":"Ahmad J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environmental Chemistry Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Potential Efficiency of Plant Growth\u2010Promoting Rhizobacteria and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Enhancing Pakchoi Tolerance to Lead Stress","volume":"26","author":"Ahmad S.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/su13147792","article-title":"Bacteria Isolated From Wastewater Irrigated Agricultural Soils Adapt to Heavy Metal Toxicity While Maintaining Their Plant Growth Promoting Traits","volume":"13","author":"Ajmal A. 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A.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140495","article-title":"Co\u2010Application of Copper Nanoparticles and Metal Tolerant \n                     Bacillus\n                   sp. for Improving Growth of Spinach Plants in Chromium Contaminated Soil","volume":"345","author":"Ali A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s10343-025-01108-w","article-title":"Microbial Interactions and Bacterial Responses to Metal Stress in Plants: Mechanisms, Adaptations, and Applications for Sustainable Agriculture","volume":"77","author":"Anas M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Crop Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e28357","article-title":"Sources, Effects and Present Perspectives of Heavy Metals Contamination: Soil, Plants and Human Food Chain","volume":"10","author":"Angon P. 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