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Identifying key drought\u2010resistance genes and their regulatory mechanisms is crucial for genetic improvement of drought tolerance in poplar. Time\u2010course transcriptome analysis of 84K poplar (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Populus alba<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2009\u00d7\u2009\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>P. glandulosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) under drought stress revealed that the ERF family is among the most responsive transcription factor families, and\n                    <jats:italic>PagERF135A<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibited the most significant upregulation, suggesting a key regulatory role. Genome\u2010wide identification of the ERF family in 84K poplar identified 276 members, with expansion primarily through segmental duplication, and purifying selection dominated their evolution. PagERF135A is a nuclear\u2010localized transcription factor with transcriptional activation activity. Overexpression of\n                    <jats:italic>PagERF135A<\/jats:italic>\n                    reduced drought tolerance in transgenic poplars, manifested by aggravated oxidative damage, diminished osmotic adjustments, and impaired PSII and PSI activities. Integrated transcriptomic and WGCNA analyses showed that\n                    <jats:italic>PagERF135A<\/jats:italic>\n                    overexpression suppressed drought\u2010induced expression of soluble sugar synthesis genes in starch\u2010sucrose metabolism, down\u2010regulated brassinosteroid biosynthesis and signaling genes, and promoted catabolic genes. Thus,\n                    <jats:italic>PagERF135A<\/jats:italic>\n                    negatively regulates drought tolerance by disrupting carbon metabolic flow and brassinosteroid signaling homeostasis. Our findings provide new insights into ERF\u2010mediated drought response mechanisms in poplar.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.71166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:20:20Z","timestamp":1792624820000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<scp>ERF<\/scp>\n                    Transcription Factor\n                    <scp>PagERF135A<\/scp>\n                    Negatively Regulates Drought Tolerance in Poplar by Modulating Sucrose Metabolism and Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"178","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6659-070X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siyue","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Saline\u2010Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences Northeast Forestry University  Harbin 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