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Widespread poverty and limited access to education and health\u2010care services, including periodontal care, are prominent predisposing factors for destructive periodontal disease in Latin America. Black people and Mestizo people seem to have particularly severe periodontal disease and are frequently colonized by the major periodontal pathogens<jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>. The \u2018red complex\u2019 bacterial pathogens and<jats:italic>A.\u00a0actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>predominate in chronic and aggressive periodontitis, but gram\u2010negative enteric rods and herpesviruses can also play important periodontopathic roles in Latin America. The key to minimizing the risk of periodontal disease is control of the pathogens, and new low\u2010cost periodontal treatments deserve serious consideration in Latin America.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,12]],"date-time":"2014-12-12T19:55:18Z","timestamp":1418414118000},"page":"58-86","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Periodontal microbiology in<scp>L<\/scp>atin<scp>A<\/scp>merica"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Adolfo","family":"Contreras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra 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