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In 26 recent studies from 15 countries, subgingival cytomegalovirus, Epstein\u2013Barr virus and herpes simplex virus type 1, respectively, yielded median prevalences of 49%, 45% and 63% in aggressive periodontitis, 40%, 32% and 45% in chronic periodontitis, and 3%, 7% and 12% in healthy periodontium. An active herpesvirus infection of the periodontium exhibits site specificity, is a potent stimulant of cellular immunity, may cause upgrowth of periodontopathic bacteria and tends to be related to disease\u2010active periodontitis. Pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines induced by the herpesvirus infection may activate matrix metalloproteinases and osteoclasts, leading to breakdown of the tooth\u2010supportive tissues. The notion that a co\u2010infection of herpesviruses and specific bacteria causes periodontitis provides a plausible etiopathogenic explanation for the disease. Moreover, herpesvirus virions from periodontal sites may dislodge into saliva or enter the systemic circulation and cause diseases beyond the periodontium. Periodontal treatment can diminish significantly the periodontal load of herpesviruses, which may lower the incidence and magnitude of herpesvirus dissemination within and between individuals, and subsequently the risk of acquiring a variety of medical diseases. Novel and more effective approaches to the prevention and treatment of periodontitis and related diseases may depend on a better understanding of the herpesvirus\u2013bacteria\u2013immune response axis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,7]],"date-time":"2015-08-07T21:04:16Z","timestamp":1438981456000},"page":"28-45","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":126,"title":["Periodontal herpesviruses: prevalence, pathogenicity, systemic risk"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"J\u00f8rgen","family":"Slots","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000325460"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"125","article-title":"Detection of specific IgG and IgA anti Epstein\u2013Barr virus in saliva of chronic periodontitis patients and healthy subjects","volume":"23","author":"Abid Aun WA","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Bagh Coll Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.32007\/jfacmedbagdad.552647","article-title":"Frequency of salivary human cytomegalovirus in Iraqi patients with chronic periodontitis","volume":"55","author":"Al\u2010Alousi HW","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Fac Med Baghdad"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201141740"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-012-0378-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"328","article-title":"Detection of human herpesviruses in patients with chronic periodontitis in Mosul\u2010Iraq","volume":"2","author":"Al\u2010Rassam ZT","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Adv Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Viruses: are they really culprits for periodontal disease? 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