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Previously, nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs have been investigated in this regard, with evidence of reductions in alveolar bone resorption when these drugs are used for prolonged periods of time. However, the risk of significant unwanted effects precludes the use of both nonselective nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs and the selective cyclooxygenase\u20102 inhibitors as adjunctive treatments for periodontitis. Currently, the only available adjunctive host response modulator that is licensed for the treatment of periodontitis is subantimicrobial dose doxycycline, which functions as an inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases. Although clinical benefits have been shown in carefully conducted randomized controlled trials, the efficacy of subantimicrobial dose doxycycline in routine clinical practice has yet to be determined. Anti\u2010cytokine therapies have been developed for use in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, the pathogenesis of which bears many similarities to that of periodontitis; however, the significant risk of unwanted effects (as well as cost and lack of human trials in the treatment of periodontal diseases) precludes the use of any of the currently available anti\u2010cytokine therapies in the treatment of periodontitis. The identification of pro\u2010resolving lipid mediators as well as small molecule biologicals that influence inflammatory responses offers the best potential, at the present time, for the development of novel host response modulators in periodontal therapy, but much research remains to be done to confirm safety and efficacy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,30]],"date-time":"2017-11-30T04:46:37Z","timestamp":1512017197000},"page":"131-149","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":173,"title":["Host modulation therapy with anti\u2010inflammatory agents"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Philip 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