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The consequent necrotizing fasciitis, myonecrosis, and osteonecrosis results in destruction of facial structures with severe functional impairment and disfigurement. It most frequently affects children, particularly in sub\u2010Saharan Africa, who are malnourished or debilitated by systemic conditions including but not limited to malaria, measles, and tuberculosis; and less frequently debilitated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010seropositive subjects. In the vast majority of cases, in susceptible subjects, noma is preceded by necrotizing stomatitis. However, it has been reported, albeit rarely, that noma can arise without any preceding oral lesions being observed. Noma is not recurrent and is not transmissible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]],"date-time":"2019-05-15T07:50:54Z","timestamp":1557906654000},"page":"189-199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Noma (cancrum oris): An unresolved global challenge"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Liviu","family":"Feller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University  Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Razia A. 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