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As for transcrestal approach, APCs have been used as \u201csole\u201d substitute\/graft. However, because of the low number of clinical trials available with PRGF, and even none for PRP, no definitive conclusions can be made regarding their efficacy. The number of studies on the use of L\u2010PRF were outnumbered indicating good feasibility for vertical bone gain, with a high implant survival rate and a low degree of complications. PRP and PRGF have not been studied as a \u201csingle\/sole\u201d substitute for a one\u2010stage lateral window approach, probably because of the weak physical characteristics of the membranes. L\u2010PRF alone appears to be a predictable grafting material for lateral maxillary sinus grafting and a reduced RBH should not be considered as a risk factor. Compared to a \u201cstandard\u201d bone substitute L\u2010PRF shows slightly less vertical bone gain (consider enough membrane application and use of bony window as new sinus floor roof over the implant apices), enhanced early resorption (first 6\u2009months after application), but a similar stable bone gain afterward. For a two\u2010stage lateral window approach, APCs \u201calone\u201d cannot be recommended, due to their weak withstand to the sinus pneumatization forces. APCs combined with bone substitutes seem to accelerate bone formation, without any additional benefits on the long\u2010term new bone gain. The use of L\u2010PRF membranes for the treatment of perforations appears to be an effective treatment option, but further clinical studies are needed to confirm this. Even though the abovementioned statements are based on large numbers of studies, additional RCTs comparing APCs with different types of grafting procedures for sinus elevation are needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T11:19:48Z","timestamp":1708082388000},"page":"254-270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["<scp>APCs<\/scp> in sinus floor augmentation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2712-8819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pascal","family":"Valentini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Implant Surgery Tattone Hospital University of Corsica Pasquale Paoli, Institute of Health  Corte 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