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Since 1990, the incidence of these diseases has doubled, with Western sub\u2010Saharan Africa experiencing the highest burden. Accurate diagnosis and case identification are crucial for understanding the etiology, features of disease, research, treatment and prevention. Modern perspectives on periodontal disease classification are based on commonality among those affected. However, current literature is often plagued by methodological inconsistencies and focused on disease mechanisms in European populations. Health inequalities in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries (LMICs) are exacerbated by these challenges, with sub\u2010Saharan Africa, and Nigeria specifically, facing unique difficulties such as clinical personnel shortages and limited research infrastructure. This review explored disparities in periodontal disease research, care and outcomes in African populations. We highlighted these disparities and identified the factors contributing to inequities in periodontal health outcomes. We further demonstrated the critical need for inclusive and equitable healthcare and research practices tailored to the unique challenges faced by diverse populations and regions with limited resources. Addressing these disparities is essential for ensuring that advancements in healthcare are accessible to all, thereby improving global oral health and general health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T06:05:03Z","timestamp":1730700303000},"page":"45-55","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Periodontal diseases in Africa"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Mojisola","family":"Olujitan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Iowa Institute of Oral Health Research University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"},{"name":"Department of Oral Radiology, Pathology and Medicine, College of Dentistry University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia O.","family":"Ayanbadejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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