{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:20:10Z","timestamp":1790742010370,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":322,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DE021921"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DE021921"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DE017732"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DE017732"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DE031046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DE031046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82201056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82201056"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005648","name":"American Association of Orthodontists Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Biomedical Research Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Biomedical Research Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005648","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Periodontology 2000"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Periodontitis arises from imbalanced host\u2013microbe interactions, leading to dysbiosis and destructive inflammation. The host's innate and adaptive immune responses produce pro\u2010inflammatory mediators that stimulate destructive events, which cause loss of alveolar bone and connective tissue attachment. There is no consensus on the factors that lead to a conversion from gingivitis to periodontitis, but one possibility is the proximity of the inflammation to the bone, which promotes bone resorption and inhibits subsequent bone formation during coupled bone formation. Conversely, orthodontic tooth movement is triggered by the mechanical force applied to the tooth, resulting in bone resorption on the compression side and new bone formation on the tension side. However, the environment around orthodontic brackets readily retains dental plaque and may contribute to inflammation and bone remodeling. The immune, epithelial, stromal, endothelial and bone cells of the host play an important role in setting the stage for bone remodeling that occurs in both periodontitis and orthodontic tooth movement. Recent advancements in single\u2010cell RNA sequencing have provided new insights into the roles and interactions of different cell types in response to challenges. In this review, we meticulously examine the functions of key cell types such as keratinocytes, leukocytes, stromal cells, osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts involved in inflammation\u2010 and mechanical force\u2010driven bone remodeling. Moreover, we explore the combined effects of these two conditions: mechanical force\u2010induced bone remodeling combined with periodontal disease (chronic inflammation) and periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (acute transient inflammation). This comprehensive review enhances our understanding of inflammation\u2010 and mechanical force\u2010induced bone remodeling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T00:30:06Z","timestamp":1735605006000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Inflammation and mechanical force\u2010induced bone remodeling"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3928-961X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyeran Helen","family":"Jeon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9924-1055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"},{"name":"Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5967-0012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leticia","family":"Rojas Cortez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1717-9962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Puttipong","family":"Sripinun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Chiang Mai University  Muang Chiang Mai Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung\u2010me","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Ecology Cornell University  Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie J.","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4664-8529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dana T.","family":"Graves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-77572012000400002","article-title":"Guidelines for periodontal care and follow\u2010up during orthodontic treatment in adolescents and young adults","volume":"20","author":"Levin L","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Appl Oral 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