{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:02:00Z","timestamp":1791237720873,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Periodontology 2000"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non\u2010surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) remains the fundamental approach in periodontal treatment and has been extensively studied over the past decades. Evidence consistently shows that NSPT exerts a substantial and sustained impact on tooth retention and on key surrogate outcomes, including gains in clinical attachment levels, reductions in probing pocket depths and improvements in inflammatory parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the long\u2010term (\u22655 years) efficacy of non\u2010surgical periodontal therapy and to explore the effect of alternative or adjunctive mechanical methods (e.g., laser, air\u2010polishing devices, etc.) compared to hand, sonic, or ultrasonic instruments in NSPT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic electronic search was conducted to analyse the scientific literature available by including all potential studies reporting long\u2010term results of the non\u2010surgical periodontal treatment, regardless of study design. To evaluate the effectiveness of alternative protocols for subgingival instrumentation, a systematic electronic sear was also conducted including only randomized clinical trials (RCTs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>27 manuscripts corresponding to 20 investigations reported on the long\u2010term outcomes of non\u2010surgical therapy. Most of the studies showed low incidence of tooth loss, clinical attachment gains at initially deep pockets and probing pocket depth reductions, especially on those patients attending regularly supportive periodontal care (SPC). The use of laser as an alternative to hand instruments or ultrasonic devices, or as adjuncts to subgingival instrumentation has shown conflictive results. Some studies evaluating the adjunctive use of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy have reported modest clinical improvements in the short term (3 to 6 months). Subgingival air\u2010polishing may offer potential benefits for patient comfort and shorter treatment times.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, the available evidence supports NSPT as a reliable and long\u2010lasting treatment option, while emphasizing the need for further research on patient reported outcomes and systemic effects within the long\u2010term framework of comprehensive periodontal treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non\u2010surgical periodontal therapy is the key tool for treating periodontitis in most patients. The gold standard treatment is subgingival instrumentation using hand\u2010 or power\u2010driven instruments, together with regular SPC. Various alternative or adjunctive therapies have been suggested, but the evidence available is limited, particularly in the long term.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.70032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T01:21:00Z","timestamp":1774488060000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Long\u2010term stability after nonsurgical treatment of periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3698-4772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio Sanz","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Graduate Periodontology University Complutense of Madrid  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri\u2010Implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5717-3274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Clotilde","family":"Carra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine Faculty of Odontology, University of Ferrara  Ferrara Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Carrillo","family":"de Albornoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Graduate Periodontology University Complutense of Madrid  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri\u2010Implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Romandini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2525-8529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Montero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Graduate Periodontology University Complutense of Madrid  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri\u2010Implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6293-5755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariano","family":"Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Graduate Periodontology University Complutense of Madrid  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri\u2010Implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"20","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"S162","article-title":"Periodontitis: consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 world workshop on the classification of periodontal and Peri\u2010implant diseases and conditions","volume":"45","author":"Sanz M","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12782","article-title":"Natural history of periodontitis: disease progression and tooth loss over 40\u2009years","volume":"44","author":"Ramseier CA","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.13424"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/S1532-3382(12)70019-2","article-title":"Nonsurgical treatment of periodontitis","volume":"12","author":"Sanz I","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Evid Based Dent Pract"},{"issue":"22","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13245","article-title":"Subgingival instrumentation for treatment of periodontitis. 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