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The review examines EV nomenclature, specimen sources, pre\u2010analytical handling, isolation and characterization methods, diagnostic benchmarks, and clinical evidence across major oral diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EVs are promising biomarkers because they protect molecular cargo and may enrich disease\u2010relevant signals relative to whole biofluids. Current evidence is strongest for oral squamous cell carcinoma, periodontitis, and peri\u2010implant disease, where EV\u2010associated proteins, RNAs, and microbe\u2010derived signals have shown diagnostic potential. Saliva offers a noninvasive and accessible matrix, whereas GCF and PICF provide greater site specificity for localized disease. However, major barriers remain, including inconsistent nomenclature, co\u2010isolation of non\u2010vesicular particles, variability in sample collection and EV enrichment methods, limited assay standardization, and insufficient multi\u2010site clinical validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral\u2010fluid EVs represent a compelling but early\u2010stage diagnostic platform in dentistry. Their successful translation will require rigorous methodological standardization, MISEV\u2010aligned reporting, robust analytical and clinical validation, and deployment strategies suited to either point\u2010of\u2010care or centralized laboratory testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EV\u2010based assays could support earlier, more objective, and minimally invasive diagnosis and monitoring of oral diseases, particularly periodontal disease, peri\u2010implant disease, and oral cancer, if current technical and translational barriers are overcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.70066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T06:15:41Z","timestamp":1787724941000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Diagnostic use of extracellular vesicles in dentistry"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0833-6679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu\u2010Chi","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard School of Dental Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Pathology Department Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eren A.","family":"Keles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard School of Dental Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9752-5377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David T.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard John A. 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