{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:53:37Z","timestamp":1791291217308,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Perspect Sexual Reproductive"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medication abortion has transformed accessibility of abortion services. Telemedicine models\u2014including asynchronous services where a clinician reviews a person's information without a live consultation\u2014enable access to abortion care outside in\u2010person health settings. This study analyzes the frequency, distribution, and motivations of Australia\u2010based requests to Women on Web (WoW), an online referral platform that facilitates access to abortion pills and their self\u2010management with a physician\u2010supported email\u2010based support team.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed anonymized consultation forms submitted to WoW by people in Australia between 2015 and 2023. We summarized descriptive statistics on individuals' ages and location by state and remoteness. We classified reasons for contacting WoW (recorded from 2018 onwards) thematically and analyzed associations between these themes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over 8 years, WoW received 1573 requests from Australia\u2010based abortion\u2010seekers. Most requests included multiple reasons for accessing WoW's service, but cost, privacy, and preference for home\u2010based care were the most frequently selected. When thematically analyzed, empowerment and consumer\u2010centered care were the dominant themes, regardless of the person's age or location, alongside barriers to accessing local abortion care through Australia's formal health care system, including through including telemedicine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The small demand for care from WoW suggests that provision within the formal healthcare system is inaccessible to some, and that some abortion\u2010seekers prefer models of care\u2014such as asynchronous, clinician\u2010reviewed telemedicine\u2014with reduced medical oversight. Attention to how abortion is made available, including deregulating pills by post alongside public service provision, is needed to guarantee autonomy, freedom, and sexual and reproductive health and rights for all Australians.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/psrh.70094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:07:17Z","timestamp":1791288437000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pills in the Post: Analysis of Australia\u2010Based Requests to the Online Abortion Service Women on Web"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Noonan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rural Health The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Social Sciences and Humanities Advanced Research Centre (SSSHARC) The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Belfrage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney Social Sciences and Humanities Advanced Research Centre (SSSHARC) The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Millar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Humanities and Social Sciences La Trobe University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117098","article-title":"Abortion, Decriminalisation and the Medico\u2010Legal Paradigm","volume":"355","author":"Millar E.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1080\/14490854.2024.2374993","article-title":"When History Won't Go Away: Abortion Decriminalisation, Residual Criminalisation and Continued Exceptionalism","volume":"21","author":"Baird B.","year":"2024","journal-title":"History Australia"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.51979","article-title":"Reimagining Medical Abortion in Australia: What Do We Need to Do to Meet Women's Needs and Ensure Ongoing Access?","volume":"218","author":"Mazza D.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Australia"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.31128\/AJGP-02-20-5223","article-title":"Medical Abortion","volume":"49","author":"Mazza D.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Australian Journal of General Practice"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.13501","article-title":"Abortion Care in Australasia: A Matter of Health, Not Politics or Religion","volume":"62","author":"Melville C.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.18773\/austprescr.2021.050","article-title":"Medical Abortion in Primary Care","volume":"44","author":"Bateson D.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Australian Prescriber"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16668","article-title":"Effectiveness, Safety and Acceptability of No\u2010Test Medical Abortion (Termination of Pregnancy) Provided via Telemedicine: A National Cohort Study","volume":"128","author":"Aiken A. R. A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"BJOG : An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i30","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmab083","article-title":"The Perspective of Canadian Health Care Professionals on Abortion Service During the COVID\u201019 Pandemic","volume":"38","author":"Ennis M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Family Practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conx.2020.100049","article-title":"Adoption of No\u2010Test and Telehealth Medication Abortion Care Among Independent Abortion Providers in Response to COVID\u201019","volume":"2","author":"Upadhyay U. D.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Contraception: X"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2024.2449514","article-title":"The Medical Consultation as a Site for Governing Abortion","volume":"27","author":"Millar E.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Culture, Health & Sexuality"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","unstructured":"MSI Australia \u201cContraception & Abortion Costs and Prices \u201d2025 https:\/\/www.msiaustralia.org.au\/costs\u2010and\u2010prices\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","volume-title":"Realising Access: Abortion and Contraception Inequities and Enablers in Victoria","author":"Sarder M.","year":"2024"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.51217","article-title":"Estimating the Abortion Rate in Australia From National Hospital Morbidity and Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme Data","volume":"215","author":"Keogh L. A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Australia"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","volume-title":"Induced Abortion in Australia: 2000\u20132020","author":"Wright S. M.","year":"2021"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1152","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30315-6","article-title":"Unintended Pregnancy and Abortion by Income, Region, and the Legal Status of Abortion: Estimates From a Comprehensive Model for 1990\u20132019","volume":"8","author":"Bearak J.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","volume-title":"Ending the Postcode Lottery: Addressing Barriers to Sexual, Maternity and Reproductive Healthcare in Australia","author":"Australian Government Senate Community Affairs Reference Committee","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/26410397.2023.2213899","article-title":"Almost Like It Was Really Underground: A Qualitative Study of Women's Experiences Locating Services for Unintended Pregnancy in a Rural Australian Health System","volume":"31","author":"Noonan A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wsif.2021.102470","article-title":"Barriers to Abortion Access in Australia Before and During the COVID\u201019 Pandemic","volume":"86","author":"Sifris R.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Women's Studies International Forum"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","volume-title":"Abortion Care Is Health Care","author":"Baird B.","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1071\/HC19050","article-title":"\u2018I Didn't Feel Judged\u2019: Exploring Women's Access to Telemedicine Abortion in Rural Australia","volume":"12","author":"Ireland S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Primary Health Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/26410397.2021.1899764","article-title":"Self\u2010Managed Abortion: A Constellation of Actors, a Cacophony of Laws?","volume":"29","author":"Berro Pizzarossa L.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-021-01081-3","article-title":"Glancing at the Past and Course\u2010Setting for the Future: Lessons From the Last Decade of Research on Medication Abortion in High\u2010Income Countries","volume":"18","author":"Sorhaindo A. M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reproductive Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","volume-title":"Abortion Care Guideline","author":"World Health, O","year":"2022"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1080\/23293691.2022.2016142","article-title":"Self\u2010Managed Abortion: Strategies for Support by a Global Feminist Movement","volume":"9","author":"Braine N.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Women's Reproductive Health"},{"issue":"45","key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rhm.2015.06.004","article-title":"Safe Abortion Information Hotlines: An Effective Strategy for Increasing Women's Access to Safe Abortions in Latin America","volume":"23","author":"Drovetta R. I.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reproductive Health Matters"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1086\/723296","article-title":"Beyond the State: Abortion Care Activism in Peru","volume":"48","author":"Duffy D. N.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wsif.2023.102799","article-title":"Transgressing Biomedical and Legal Boundaries: The \u201cEnticing and Hazardous\u201d Challenges and Promises of a Self\u2010Managed Abortion Multiverse","volume":"100","author":"Nandagiri R.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Women's Studies International Forum"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2021.06.006","article-title":"Self\u2010Managed Abortion: Exploring Synergies Between Institutional Medical Systems and Autonomous Health Movements","volume":"104","author":"Yanow S.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1086\/727986","article-title":"Reclaiming Autonomy: The Changing Landscape of Mexican Abortion Activism","volume":"49","author":"Belfrage M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2017.07.170","article-title":"Accompaniment of Second\u2010Trimester Abortions: The Model of the Feminist Socorrista Network of Argentina","volume":"97","author":"Zurbriggen R.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/26410397.2020.1779633","article-title":"Why Self\u2010Managed Abortion Is So Much More Than a Provisional Solution for Times of Pandemic","volume":"28","author":"Assis M. P.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","unstructured":"Women on Web \u201cResearch \u201d2025 https:\/\/www.womenonweb.org\/en\/page\/6880\/research."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1080\/14461242.2023.2184272","article-title":"Abortion Stigma, Abortion Exceptionalism, and Medical Curricula","volume":"32","author":"Millar E.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Sociology Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"'Imagine if We Had an Actual Service: A Qualitative Exploration of Abortion Access Challenges in Australian Rural Primary Care","volume":"24","author":"Noonan A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rural and Remote Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","article-title":"Experiences Seeking, Sourcing, and Using Abortion Pills at Home in the United States Through an Online Telemedicine Service","volume":"2","author":"Madera M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Qualitative Research in Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2022.101259","article-title":"The Influence of Feminist Abortion Accompaniment on Emotions Related to Abortion: A Longitudinal Observational Study in Mexico","volume":"19","author":"Wollum A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"SSM\u2014Population Health"},{"issue":"17","key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.18865","article-title":"Requests for Self\u2010Managed Medication Abortion Provided Using Online Telemedicine in 30 US States Before and After the Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health Organization Decision","volume":"328","author":"Aiken A. R. A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1080\/07907184.2024.2369335","article-title":"Experiences of the Irish Model of Community Medical Abortion: Adherence to Self\u2010Managed, People\u2010Centered Abortion Care","volume":"40","author":"Conlon C.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Irish Political Studies"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsrh-2022-201591","article-title":"Why Women Choose Self\u2010Managed Telemedicine Abortion in The Netherlands During the COVID\u201019 Pandemic: A National Mixed Methods Study","volume":"49","author":"Cui N.","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.12688\/gatesopenres.14369.1","article-title":"Self\u2010Managed Abortion via the Internet: Analysis of One Year of Service Delivery Data From Women Help Women","volume":"7","author":"Shochet T.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gates Open Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1071\/PY24100","article-title":"Attitudes Towards Models of Abortion Care in Sexual and Reproductive Health: Perspectives of Australian Health Professionals","volume":"30","author":"Sheeran N.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Primary Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1071\/SH24112","article-title":"Preferences for the Delivery of Early Abortion Services in Australia: A Discrete Choice Experiment","volume":"21","author":"Church J.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sexual Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsrh-2020-200789","article-title":"Why Women Choose Abortion Through Telemedicine Outside the Formal Health Sector in Germany: A Mixed\u2010Methods Study","volume":"48","author":"Killinger K.","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health"},{"issue":"54","key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/09688080.2018.1511769","article-title":"Understandings of Self\u2010Managed Abortion as Health Inequity, Harm Reduction and Social Change","volume":"26","author":"Erdman J. N.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reproductive Health Matters"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","unstructured":"Women on Web \u201cGoogle's Algorithm is Endangering Access to Women on Web's Online Abortion Service \u201d2025 https:\/\/www.womenonweb.org\/en\/news\/googles\u2010algorithm\u2010is\u2010endangering\u2010access\u2010to\u2010women\u2010on\u2010webs\u2010online\u2010abortion\u2010service\/."}],"container-title":["Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/psrh.70094","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/psrh.70094","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/psrh.70094","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:07:26Z","timestamp":1791288446000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/psrh.70094"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/psrh.70094"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psrh.70094","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1538-6341","1931-2393"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1538-6341","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-2393","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"psrh.70094"}}