{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:32:24Z","timestamp":1791952344860,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,3]],"date-time":"2014-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychogeriatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinical presentations of pathologically confirmed corticobasal degeneration (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBD<\/jats:styled-content>) vary, and the heterogeneity makes its clinical diagnosis difficult, especially when a patient lacks any motor disturbance in the early stage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We compared clinical and pathological features of four pathologically confirmed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBD<\/jats:styled-content> cases that initially developed non\u2010motor symptoms, including behavioural and psychiatric symptoms but without motor disturbance (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NM<\/jats:styled-content>), and five <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBD<\/jats:styled-content> cases that initially developed parkinsonism and\/or falls (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>). The age range at death for the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NM<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content> subjects (58\u201385 years vs 45\u201367 years) and the range of disease duration (2\u201318 years vs 2\u20136 years) did not significantly differ between the groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prominent symptoms in the early stage of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NM<\/jats:styled-content> cases included self\u2010centred behaviours such as frontotemporal dementia (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1), apathy with and without auditory hallucination (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 2), and aggressive behaviours with delusion and visual hallucination (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1). Among the four <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NM<\/jats:styled-content> cases, only one developed asymmetric motor disturbance, and two could walk without support throughout the course. Final clinical diagnoses of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NM<\/jats:styled-content> cases were frontotemporal dementia (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 2), senile psychosis with delirium (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1), and schizophrenia (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1). Neuronal loss was significantly less severe in the subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NM<\/jats:styled-content> cases than in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content> cases. The severity of tau pathology in all regions examined was comparable in the two groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBD<\/jats:styled-content> cases that initially develop psychiatric and behavioural changes without motor symptoms may have less severe degenerative changes in the subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra, and some <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBD<\/jats:styled-content> cases can lack motor disturbance not only in the early stage but also in the last stage of the course.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.12054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,3]],"date-time":"2014-09-03T08:23:53Z","timestamp":1409732633000},"page":"152-164","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Corticobasal degeneration initially developing motor versus non\u2010motor symptoms: a comparative clinicopathological study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Chikako","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences  Okayama Japan"},{"name":"Clinical Research Institute National Hospital Organization Minami\u2010Okayama Medical Center  Hayashima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Yokota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences  Okayama Japan"},{"name":"Clinical Research Institute National Hospital Organization Minami\u2010Okayama Medical Center  Hayashima Japan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Kinoko Espoir Hospital  Kasaoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeto","family":"Nagao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences  Okayama Japan"},{"name":"Clinical Research Institute National Hospital Organization Minami\u2010Okayama Medical Center  Hayashima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Ishizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Zikei Institute of Psychiatry  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumi","family":"Morisada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kurashiki Neurological Hospital  Kurashiki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seishi","family":"Terada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences  Okayama Japan"},{"name":"Clinical Research Institute National Hospital Organization Minami\u2010Okayama Medical Center  Hayashima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiko","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Sanyo Hospital  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruhiko","family":"Akiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dementia Research Project Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Uchitomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1968.00470310034003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"1388","article-title":"Widespread cytoskeletal pathology characterizes corticobasal degeneration","volume":"146","author":"Feany MB","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"877","volume-title":"Neurodegenerative Disease","author":"Lang AE","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.65.5.717"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.64.2.184"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10570"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","series-title":"Third series","first-page":"509","volume-title":"Handbook of Clinical Neurology","author":"Bak TH","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.4.795"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.1.119"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.9.1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000191307.69661.c3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000259519.78480.c3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf080"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq123"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444341256.ch15"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"277","article-title":"An autopsy case of corticobasal degeneration mimicking frontal Pick's disease","volume":"49","author":"Miyazaki H","year":"1997","journal-title":"No To Shinkei"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010050728"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-004-0966-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406\u2010013\u20100472\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"559","article-title":"An unusual autopsy case of corticobasal degeneration\u2014with special reference to clinicopathological differentiation from progressive supranuclear palsy and slowly progressive aphasia","volume":"48","author":"Tsuchiya K","year":"1996","journal-title":"No To Shinkei"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-009-0493-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-006-0127-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/63.9.911"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000187889.17253.b1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jnen.0000225908.90052.07"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-010-0702-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","first-page":"1339","article-title":"Development of the revised version of Hasegawa's Dementia Scale (HDS\u2010R)","volume":"2","author":"Katoh S","year":"1991","journal-title":"Jpn J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-007-0234-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2012.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.2007.19.1.77"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22424"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-008-0565-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-011-9615-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-200512000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","first-page":"293","article-title":"Corticobasal degeneration: a combined clinical, PET and pathological study","volume":"36","author":"Sato M","year":"1996","journal-title":"Rinsho Shinkeigaku"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.146.2.184"}],"container-title":["Psychogeriatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fpsyg.12054","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/psyg.12054","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T21:58:40Z","timestamp":1696024720000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/psyg.12054"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/psyg.12054"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyg.12054","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1346-3500","1479-8301"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1346-3500","type":"print"},{"value":"1479-8301","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}}}